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Bainite
About: Bainite is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 9520 publications have been published within this topic receiving 145305 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the hybrid deposition and micro-rolling (HDMR) process has been used to eliminate the ubiquitous anisotropy in the WAAM bainitic steel samples, and an initially optimized micro rolling morphology based on decreasing the depth of penetration and increasing the ratio of width to reinforcement was used.
100 citations
21 May 2013
100 citations
15 Nov 2009-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: Carbide free bainitic steels alloyed with manganese have achieved the highest strength and toughness combinations to date for bainite steels as discussed by the authors, achieving tensile strength ranging from 1600 to 1800 MPa while keeping a total elongation higher than 10%.
Abstract: Carbide free bainitic steels alloyed with manganese have achieved the highest strength and toughness combinations to date for bainitic steels. Ultimate tensile strengths ranging from 1600 to 1800 MPa were achieved while keeping a total elongation higher than 10%. Their toughness at room temperature matches tempered martensitic steels, known to be the best-in-class regarding this property. This improvement in toughness is achieved suppressing the precipitation of cementite during bainite formation by alloying the steel with about 1.5 wt% of silicon. However, it has been observed that strongly orientated martensite bands, associated to inhomogeneous manganese redistribution during solidification, lead to a remarkable deterioration in toughness in these advanced bainitic steels. The stress concentration associated with highly heterogeneous hardness distribution in the microstructure contributes to the premature crack nucleation.
99 citations
TL;DR: The authors investigated the substructures of lenticular martensites with different martensite start temperatures (Ms) by transmission electron microscopy, and found that the change in the substructure of the lenticular Martensite presumably resulted from the local temperature rise in the martensitic plate.
99 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the Avrami equation was used to compare the relative heat needed to soften a dual-phase (DP) steel with respect to its parent material, and it was found that the heat input required for HAZ softening decreased as the C content of the martensite within the DP structure increased.
Abstract: Welds in dual-phase (DP) steels exhibit heat-affected zone (HAZ) softening in which the tempered or subcritical HAZ exhibits a lower hardness vs that of the parent material. The rate of this softening reaction with respect to welding heat input was determined for four DP steels by making several bead-on-plate laser welds using a variety of heat inputs and measuring the resulting minimum hardness. The reduction in hardness was then fit to the Avrami equation, enabling a comparison of the relative heat needed to soften each steel. It was found that the heat input required for HAZ softening decreased as the C content of the martensite within the DP structure increased. However, the presence of carbide forming alloying elements such as Cr and Mo was able to increase resistance to softening.
99 citations