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Bainite
About: Bainite is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 9520 publications have been published within this topic receiving 145305 citations.
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25 Jul 2004-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used X-ray diffraction to determine the kinetics of transformation at various temperatures and found that at low temperatures, the retained austenite transforms into martensite very rapidly, whereas the transformation is much slower at high temperatures.
Abstract: The mechanical behavior of transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) steels depends on the martensitic transformation of the retained austenite. The studied material is a three-phase TRIP steel with ferrite base containing less than 1% of bainite and 8% of retained austenite. Tensile tests were performed at various temperatures ranging from −60 to +120 °C. X-ray diffraction was used to determine the kinetics of transformation at various temperatures. First results show that at low temperatures, the austenite transforms into martensite very rapidly, whereas the kinetics of transformation are much slower at high temperatures. The stress state in the austenite at room temperature was also obtained by X-ray diffraction. After pre-strain, it is noticed that retained austenite is in tension probably due to the carbon content which is more important in austenite than in ferrite.
90 citations
TL;DR: In this article, interphase boundary structures were compared between lath-shaped bainitic ferrite in Fe 0.6C 2Si 1Mn and lath martensite in Fe 20Ni 5.5Mn.
90 citations
TL;DR: The crystallography and morphology of carbide precipitation in martensite, in an Fe-24%Ni-0.5%C alloy tempered at temperatures up to 400°C, have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction as mentioned in this paper.
89 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, electron backscattered diffraction in conjunction with transmission electron microscopy was employed to investigate the crystallographic nature of bainitic laths formed at relatively low transformation temperatures where a nanostructured bainite forms.
89 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the progress of martensite formation in plain carbon steels Fe-0.46C, Fe- 0.66C, and Fe 0.80C has been investigated by dilatometry.
Abstract: The progress of martensite formation in plain carbon steels Fe-0.46C, Fe-0.66C, and Fe-0.80C has been investigated by dilatometry. It is demonstrated that carbon enrichment of the remaining austenite due to intercritical annealing of Fe-0.46C and Fe-0.66C does not only depress the start temperature for martensite, but also slows the progress of the transformation with temperature compared to full austenitization. In contrast, such a change of kinetics is not observed when the remaining austenite of lean-Si steel Fe-0.80C is stabilized due to a partial transformation to bainite, which suggests that the stabilization is not of a chemical but of a mechanical nature. The growth of bainite and martensite is accompanied by a shape change at the microstructural scale, which leads to plastic deformation and thus strengthening of the surrounding austenite. Based on this stabilizing mechanism, the athermal transformation kinetics is rationalized by balancing the increase in driving force corresponding to a temperature decrease with the increase in strain energy required for the formation of martensite in the strengthened remaining austenite.
89 citations