Topic
Balun
About: Balun is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5375 publications have been published within this topic receiving 52256 citations. The topic is also known as: Telephone balance unit.
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TL;DR: In this article, a low-power and lowvoltage 5.5 GHz receiver front-end circuit is designed using a resonator coupling technique using an on-chip transformer combined with the parasitic capacitances from a lownoise amplifier (LNA), a mixer, and the transformer itself.
Abstract: In this study, a low-power and low-voltage 5.5-GHz receiver front-end circuit is designed using a resonator coupling technique. An on-chip transformer combined with the parasitic capacitances from a low-noise amplifier (LNA), a mixer, and the transformer itself comprises two coupled resonators of the resonator coupling network (RCN). The RCN functions as a balun, and couples energy from the LNA to the mixer. Under the critical coupling condition, the RCN gives a maximal current gain at resonance frequencies, equivalent to the same level by an ideal transformer. The analysis shows that the current gain is quite tolerable to the coupling coefficient variation, an advantageous feature for on-chip transformer design. The technique is verified by the receiver front-end in 0.18-μm CMOS technology. The RCN possess a current gain as high as 12 dB at 5.5 GHz. The measured input return loss, conversion gain, and third-order intermodulation intercept point of the entire circuit are 16 dB, 17.4 dB, and -1.5 dBm, respectively. The noise figure is 7.8 dB at the IF frequency of 1 MHz. The power consumption is only 0.33 mW from a 0.6-V supply. The required local oscillator power is only -9.5 dBm. This receiver front-end successfully demonstrates the resonator coupling technique.
24 citations
Patent•
30 May 1997TL;DR: In this article, a printed circuit balanced to unbalanced transformer is described, where the primary inductor has a first electrode adapted for coupling to an unbalanced transmission line and a second electrode electrically connected to the ground plane conductor.
Abstract: A printed circuit balanced to unbalanced (balun) transformer. The balun includes strip circuitry having first, second and third conductors. The first conductor provides a primary inductor of the transformer. The primary inductor has a first electrode adapted for coupling to an unbalanced transmission line and a second electrode electrically connected to the ground plane conductor. The second conductor provides a first secondary inductor of the transformer. The first secondary inductor is inductively coupled to a first portion of the primary inductor. A first electrode of the first secondary inductor is electrically connected to the ground plane conductor and a second electrode of the first primary inductor coupled to a first of a pair of output ports. The conductor provides a second secondary inductor of the transformer. The second secondary inductor is inductively coupled to a second portion of the primary inductor. A first electrode of the second secondary inductor is electrically connected to the ground plane conductor and a second electrode of the second secondary inductor is coupled to a second of the pair of output ports.
24 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the second-order or higher order models are synthesized from the first-order lumped model and all lumped parameters for the models are extracted from the real physical structures.
Abstract: This paper presents models for monolithic RF spiral transmission-line baluns. The balun consists of a pair of spiral transformers fabricated on high-resistivity silicon. The lumped-element equivalent models are developed. The second-order or higher order models are synthesized from the first-order lumped model. All lumped parameters for the models are extracted from the real physical structures. Simulated behaviors from the second-order models are in good agreement with the measured results within 10% difference.
24 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a new uniplanar CPW-slot double junction balun has been proposed, which is realized as a uni-planar equivalent of the microstrip slot double junction transition.
Abstract: A new uniplanar CPW-slot double junction balun has been proposed. Being realised as a uniplanar equivalent of the microstrip-slot double junction transition, this balun is well suited for MMICs, and has better characteristics that other uniplanar baluns published up to now. The measured VSWR is less than 1.6 and insertion loss is about 0.7 dB for bandwidth ratio 1:6.<
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24 citations
TL;DR: A CMOS millimeter-wave (mmWave) downconversion mixer with a local-oscillator (LO) buffer with an on-chip transformer-based topology for wireless Gb/s data-transfer enabling systems, such as 5G systems, is proposed.
Abstract: A CMOS millimeter-wave (mmWave) downconversion mixer with a local-oscillator (LO) buffer is proposed for wireless Gb/s data-transfer enabling systems, such as 5G systems. To obtain high linearity at low supply voltages, the proposed mmWave downconversion mixer adopts an on-chip transformer-based topology. In order to achieve differential to single-ended conversion and IF output matching, while maintaining a high linearity performance, the proposed mmWave downconversion mixer incorporates an active balun with common-source and common-drain configurations employing common-mode noise and third-order intermodulation distortion cancellations. The proposed downconversion mixer with active balun and LO buffer was implemented using a 65-nm CMOS process and it draws 18 mA from a 1 V supply voltage. It demonstrates a gain greater than 5.6 dB, noise figure less than 10.9 dB, and third-order output intercept point more than 12.4 dBm, in the band from 57 to 66 GHz.
24 citations