Topic
Band offset
About: Band offset is a(n) research topic. Over the lifetime, 2446 publication(s) have been published within this topic receiving 53450 citation(s).
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TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the characteristics of light-emitting diodes based upon MEH-PPV are determined by tunneling both the holes and the electrons through interface barriers caused by the band offset between the polymer and the electrodes.
Abstract: In this paper it is demonstrated that the characteristics of light‐emitting diodes based upon MEH‐PPV [more fully known as poly(2‐methoxy,5‐(2’‐ethyl‐hexoxy)‐1,4‐phenylene‐ vinylene)] are determined by tunneling of both the holes and the electrons through interface barriers caused by the band offset between the polymer and the electrodes. It is shown that manipulating these offsets can control the useful operating voltage of the device as well as its efficiency. A model is developed that clearly explains the device characteristics of a wide range of diodes based upon MEH‐PPV. The turn‐on voltage for an ideal device is shown to be equal to the band gap, i.e., 2.1 eV for MEH‐PPV, and is slightly lower at 1.8 eV for an indium‐tin oxide/MEH‐PPV/Ca device. If there is a significant difference in the barrier height, the smaller of the two barriers controls the I–V characteristics, while the larger barrier determines the device efficiency. In indium‐tin‐oxide/MEH‐PPV/Ca devices, the barrier to hole injection is ...
1,414 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the band offsets and heterostructures of monolayer and few-layer transition-metal dichalcogenides MX2 (M = Mo, W; X = S, Se, Te) are investigated from first principles calculations.
Abstract: The band offsets and heterostructures of monolayer and few-layer transition-metal dichalcogenides MX2 (M = Mo, W; X = S, Se, Te) are investigated from first principles calculations. The band alignments between different MX2 monolayers are calculated using the vacuum level as reference, and a simple model is proposed to explain the observed chemical trends. Some of the monolayers and their heterostructures show band alignments suitable for potential applications in spontaneous water splitting, photovoltaics, and optoelectronics. The strong dependence of the band offset on the number of layers also implicates a possible way of patterning quantum structures with thickness engineering.
1,204 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the spatial distribution of carriers can be controlled within the type-II quantum dots, which makes their properties strongly governed by the band offset of the comprising materials.
Abstract: Type-II band engineered quantum dots (CdTe/CdSe(core/shell) and CdSe/ZnTe(core/shell) heterostructures) are described. The optical properties of these type-II quantum dots are studied in parallel with their type-I counterparts. We demonstrate that the spatial distribution of carriers can be controlled within the type-II quantum dots, which makes their properties strongly governed by the band offset of the comprising materials. This allows access to optical transition energies that are not restricted to band gap energies. The type-II quantum dots reported here can emit at lower energies than the band gaps of comprising materials. The type-II emission can be tailored by the shell thickness as well as the core size. The enhanced control over carrier distribution afforded by these type-II materials may prove useful for many applications, such as photovoltaics and photoconduction devices.
1,191 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that the band gap of three-dimensional hybrid perovskites is dominated by a giant spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in the conduction-band (CB).
Abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) hybrid perovskites CH3NH3PbX3 (X = Br, I) have recently been suggested as new key materials for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) leading to a new class of hybrid semiconductor photovoltaic cells (HSPC). Thanks to density functional theory calculations, we show that the band gap of these compounds is dominated by a giant spin–orbit coupling (SOC) in the conduction-band (CB). At room temperature, direct and isotropic optical transitions are associated to a spin–orbit split-off band related to the triply degenerated CB of the cubic lattice without SOC. Due to the strong SOC, the electronic states involved in the optical absorption are only slightly perturbed by local distortions of the lattice. In addition, band offset calculations confirm that CH3NH3PbX3/TiO2 is a reference material for driving electrons toward the electrode in HSPC. Two-dimensional (2D) hybrids are also suggested to reach further flexibility for light conversion efficiency. Our study affords the basic concepts to re...
876 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that rational design and construction of isotype heterojunction could open up a new avenue for the development of new efficient visible-light photocatalysts and the removal of NO in air.
Abstract: The photocatalytic performance of the star photocatalyst g-C3N4 was restricted by the low efficiency because of the fast charge recombination. The present work developed a facile in situ method to construct g-C3N4/g-C3N4 metal-free isotype heterojunction with molecular composite precursors with the aim to greatly promote the charge separation. Considering the fact that g-C3N4 samples prepared from urea and thiourea separately have different band structure, the molecular composite precursors of urea and thiourea were treated simultaneously under the same thermal conditions, in situ creating a novel layered g-C3N4/g-C3N4 metal-free heterojunction (g-g CN heterojunction). This synthesis method is facile, economic, and environmentally benign using easily available earth-abundant green precursors. The confirmation of isotype g-g CN heterojunction was based on XRD, HRTEM, valence band XPS, ns-level PL, photocurrent, and EIS measurement. Upon visible-light irradiation, the photogenerated electrons transfer from ...
807 citations