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Showing papers on "Bark published in 1980"



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Using a selective medium, the entomogenous fungus Beauveria bassiana was isolated in quantity from bark of elm trees and from soil at the base of trees at Culford, Suffolk and near Cambridge during 1976 and 1977.
Abstract: Using a selective medium, the entomogenous fungus Beauveria bassiana was isolated in quantity from bark of elm trees and from soil at the base of trees at Culford, Suffolk and near Cambridge during 1976 and 1977. Most of the trees had died of Dutch elm disease but some were healthy. It was concluded that B. bassiana was present as conidia which originated from infected insects on or under the bark. By contrast Metarhizium anisopliae was isolated only once from a soil sample. Differences in the distribution of these two unspecialized entomogenous hyphomycetes are discussed.

116 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Fractionation of the total bark proteins by DEAE-cellulose chromatography indicated that the final upsurge of bark proteins observed in November was associated primarily with one group of proteins (Peak III).
Abstract: Quantitative and qualitative changes in proteins and ethanol-soluble nitrogen were followed in senescing leaf and bark tissues of ‘Golden Delicious’ apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.). While senescing leaves lost 46% of their proteins, total bark protein increased 240% during senescence. However, the protein nitrogen gain in bark tissue was about the same as the protein nitrogen loss in leaf tissue per unit fresh weight of tissues. The pattern of bark protein accumulation appears to be gradual from early August to November and sequential from lower to higher molecular weight species of proteins. The final electrophoretic profile of total bark proteins was established at the later stages of senescence. By late November, 89% of the nitrogen in the bark tissue was found in proteins with 11% in the ethanol-soluble fractions. The total protein content of dormant bark tissue was 3.5% per gram dry tissue. Fractionation of the total bark proteins by DEAE-cellulose chromatography indicated that the final upsurge of bark proteins observed in November was associated primarily with one group of proteins (Peak III).

86 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, various aqueous extracts from Pinus radiata and Acacia mearnsii barks were fractionated by ultra-filtration on the basis of molecular size* all the monomeric, dimeric and oligomeric compounds were concentrated in the fraction containing compounds with molecular sizes sinailer than a io molecular weight Dextran.
Abstract: Schlüsselwörter (Sachgebiete) Rindenextrakte Molekulargewichtsverteilung Ultrafiltration Catechinabkömmlinge Stiasny Reaktion Pinus radiata Acacia mearnsii Molecular Size Distribution of Radiata Pine Bark Extracts and its Ef fec t on Properties Summary Various aqueous extracts from Pinus radiata and Acacia mearnsii barks were fractionated by ultrafiltration on the basis of molecular size* All the monomeric, dimeric and oligomeric compounds were concentrated in the fraction containing compounds with molecular sizes sinailer than a io molecular weight Dextran. High yields of hot-water-soluble material have been obtained from the radiata pine bark and shown to have promise äs a base for adhesives. However, the excessive viscosity of the untreated extracts limits their commercial use. The particularly high viscosity of the ioo°C aqueous extracts of P. radiata bark was reduced markedly by removing either the methanol insolubles or the high polymeric material with a molecular size larger than io molecular weight Dextran by ultrafiltration. Both the methanol insolubles and the high polymeric material are viscosity control factors. In addition, examination of various extracts and fractions revealed that the molecular size distribution of the extracts is a viscosity control factor. Chromatographie examination of sulphited ioo°C aqueous pine bark extracts revealed a compound with behaviour exactly the same äs the major product from a reaction of catechin with sodium bisulphite. The compound was isolated and identified äs i-sodium sulphonate-(3,4dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxy-3-(i ,3,5-trihydroxyphenyl) propane. The amounts of Stiasny precipitate produced by various extracts, fractions or the sulphited extracts were determined and found to be lowest in the fraction with molecular sizes smaller than io molecular weight Dextran. Purification of the extracts by ultrafiltration produced extracts having low viscosities and yielding suitable amounts of Stiasny precipitate which indicate high and uniform qualities of extract.

69 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The inner bark of Pinus taeda L. contains (+ )-catechin, the procyanidin 8.1 (a C-4 to C-8 linked (-)-epicatechin to (+)-catechine dimer), and three polymeric procyclanidins with distinctly different solubility and chromatographic properties.
Abstract: The inner bark of Pinus taeda L. contains (+ )-catechin, the procyanidin 8.1 (a C-4 to C-8 linked (-)-epicatechin to (+)-catechin dimer), and three polymeric procyanidins that have distinctly different solubility and chromatographic properties. An ethyl acetate soluble polymer (0.20% of bark, Mft = 1200) was purified by chromatography on LH-20 Sephadex. A water-soluble tannin (6.3% of bark, Mf1 2100) and an acetonefwater-soluble tannin (3.7% of bark, Mt1 = ~) were purified by chromatography on cellulose columns. Despite differences in their physical properties, thiolysis with benzenethiol and 18C-NMR spectra indicated that the three polymeric procyanidins were composed of C-4 to C-8 (or C-6) linked (-)-epicatechin upper units (chain extenders) and that the lower unit (chain initiator) was ( + )-catechin.

58 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Internal oxygen movement was demonstrated inwoody roots of both Sitka spruce and Lodgepole pine by partially submerging detached roots in reduced indigo-carmine solution and noting the appearance of the blue halo due to re-oxidisation of the dye.
Abstract: Internal oxygen movement was demonstrated inwoody roots of both Sitka spruce and Lodgepole pine by partially submerging detached roots in reduced indigo-carmine solution and noting the appearance of the blue halo due to re-oxidisation of the dye. Transport in the flood-tolerant pine occurred in both wood and bark and was greater than that in spruce where it was confined to the bark. The pathways of oxygen movement within the tissues are discussed and the results are considered in relation to the survival of tree roots when waterlogging of both primary and woody roots occurs.

43 citations


Book
01 Nov 1980
TL;DR: In this article, a search engine using the keywords download Darold P. Batzer PDF eBooks in order for you personally to only get PDF formatted books to download which are safer and virus-free, discover an array of web sites catering for your requirements.
Abstract: In case you happen to be trying to know how to obtain Bark Canoes and Skin Boats of North America eBooks, you should go thorough research on well-known search engines using the keywords download Darold P. Batzer PDF eBooks in order for you personally to only get PDF formatted books to download which are safer and virus-free you will discover an array of web sites catering for your requirements. The majority of these sites possess a enormous collection of PDF eBooks which you'll be able to use for your advantage.

43 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The feeding stimulatory activity on the white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi Peck, of various types of extracts from Sitka spruce, Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Abstract: The feeding stimulatory activity on the white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi Peck, of various types of extracts from Sitka spruce, Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr., was tested using a paired agar disc bioassay. Chemicals that induce feeding apparently constitute a complex mixture of non-volatile compounds in the phloem and on the surface of the bark and needles. Volatile chemicals from the bark and foliage, captured in Porapak Q, did not attract walking P. strobi in two olfactometers, nor did they trigger a feeding response when tested on plain agar. However, the monoterpenes α-pinene, β-pinene, and β-myrcene acted as synergists to the nonvolatile chemicals in the bark, while piperitone had a marked feeding deterrent effect. (+)-Camphor and limonene stimulated the feeding at low concentrations but caused feeding inhibition when the concentration rose above a particular threshold.

42 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The following terpenoids were identified in the oleoresin, bark and timber of Canarium zeylanicum: 3β-hydroxyurs-12-en-3,11-one, 3βhydroxyolean-12en-11-1, olean 12-en,3, 11-dione, urs 12en,12en, 3,11,dione as discussed by the authors, α-and β-amyrin, α- and β-amyrenone, taraxerol, sitosterol, canaric acid

39 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Rutaevin was the main limonoid present in the seeds of all three Mexican Esenbeckia species and a new natural 2-quinolone alkaloid, formulated as 3,3-diisopropyl- N -methyl-2,4-quinoldione, was obtained from E. flava wood.



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, compounds 7-13 were isolated from the water extractive of Cinnamomi Cortex, which shows anti-complement activity, and they were characterized by chemical and spectral means and named cinncassiol B and cinncilliol B 19-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, respectively.
Abstract: Compounds 7-13 were isolated from the water extractive of Cinnamomi Cortex (the dried bark of Cinnamomum cassia BLUME, "Toko Keihi"in Japanese, Lauraceae), which shows anti-complement activity. Among them, the compounds 7 and 8 were characterized by chemical and spectral means and named cinncassiol B and cinncassiol B 19-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, respectively.



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Wound inoculation with an isolate of Nectria coccinea produced cankers in beech bark, the size of which was related to the severity of C. fagisuga infestation.
Abstract: Wound inoculation with an isolate of Nectria coccinea produced cankers in beech bark, the size of which was related to the severity of C. fagisuga infestation. Lesions were absent in most cases following surface inoculation of bark (non wounding) with very localised but heavy infestation. Inhibition of the host's response to fungal invasion is considered to be an important part of the insect's role in producing beech bark disease.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was found that the size of the resulting lesions was related to the severity of infestation, an effect not connected with the provision of stylet-holes or fissures through which natural infection may occur, which indicates that stress in the host can enable N. coccinea, a weak parasite, to cause extensive bark necrosis.
Abstract: Trees with differing intensities of Cryptococcus fagisuga infestation were wound-inoculated with Nectria coccinea and it was found that the size of the resulting lesions was related to the severity of infestation, an effect not connected with the provision of stylet-holes or fissures through which natural infection may occur. This finding, together with observations of lesion development on trees affected by a recent severe drought and on nutritionally deficient trees, indicates that stress in the host can enable N. coccinea, a weak parasite, to cause extensive bark necrosis. It is suggested that the existence of different sources of stress may be responsible for the contradictory views on the aetiology of beech bark disease.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The RNA (SB-RNA) was recovered from leaves and bark of symptomless carrier trees and from bark lesions of symptom-bearing trees and it was concluded that sunblotch is a viroid disease.
Abstract: Summary A low mol. wt. RNA species is associated with sunblotch disease of avocados. The RNA (SB-RNA) was recovered from leaves and bark of symptomless carrier trees and from bark lesions of symptom-bearing trees. It was not detected in leaves or bark from lesion-free areas of symptom-bearing trees or in leaf or bark from healthy trees. SB-RNA is soluble in LiCl and migrates in 20% polyacrylamide gels. In high salt buffers, it is resistant to ribonuclease A at a concentration of 1 µg/ml and is degraded only slowly at 10 µg/ml. The RNA is less resistant to ribonuclease A at low salt concentrations (0.01 m). The mobility of the SB-RNA in polyacrylamide gels is not affected by heat denaturation. The apparent mol. wt. of native SB-RNA is 65000 whilst under denaturing conditions it is 112000 to 115000. SB-RNA occurs in high concentration in leaves of symptomless carrier trees being detected in 1 g of fresh leaf. In tissue fractionation experiments, SB-RNA was associated mainly with the chloroplast and endoplasmic reticulum fractions. It is concluded from these properties of SB-RNA that sunblotch is a viroid disease.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The structures of two new alkaloids of the 21-nor (+) pandolane type from the bark of Tabernaemontana albiflora (Miq.) Pull were determined as discussed by the authors.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Two new alkaloids, 8methoxycanthin-6-one and 3methoxypyridine-N -oxide and N -methoxide-2-pyridone, were isolated from the EtOH extract of the bark of Simaba cuspidata Spruce ex Engl..


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new quassinoid, 13,18-dehydroexcelsin and glaucarubol have been isolated from the bark of Ailanthus excelsa.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: No significant difference in searching time or distance traveled was found for day of attack or beetle sex, but males spent significantly less total time on the bark than females.
Abstract: Twenty-two percent of the southern pine beetles, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), that landed on the bark during the 1st 4 days of mass attack in east Texas, eventually entered the tree Other beetles either flew away (43%), dropped off the host (32%), or were eaten (2%) No significant difference in searching time or distance traveled was found for day of attack or beetle sex Males spent significantly less total time on the bark than females

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An investigation of the stem bark of Garcinia ovalifolia oliv. (Guttiferae) has revealed the presence of large quantities of the polyisoprenyl benzophenone xanthochymol as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: An investigation of the stem bark of Garcinia ovalifolia oliv. (Guttiferae) has revealed the presence of large quantities of the polyisoprenyl benzophenone xanthochymol. Isoxanthochymol was identified as a minor component. In addition the bark yielded small amounts of a tetraoxygenated xanthone which was shown to be identical with the known compound macluraxanthone, otherwise found only in the Moraceae. The common triterpenes friedelin and sitosterol were also present. The biological significance of these findings is briefly discussed.



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Trunk wood of Virola divergens Ducke and V. guggenheimii W. Rodrigues (Myristicaceae) contains the 1,3-diarylpropanes virolane and (2 S )-virolanol and the benzodioxane-type neolignan eusiderin, and two novel representatives of this group are identified.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Conrauanalactone has been isolated from the bark of Garcinia conrauana Engl. (Guttiferae) and identified, on the basis of spectral and chemical evidence, as 4-hydroxy-6-pentadecyl- 2-pyrone.