Showing papers on "Barrier layer published in 1978"

Electrophotographic image forming material

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain an electrophotographic receptor superior in adhesion with a substrate, usable in all the environmetal conditions, and excellent in light fatigue resistance, photoconductivity, etc., by providing an amorphous silicon layer containing N atoms having a specified distribution, on an aluminum or aluminum alloy substrate having a surface of alumina containing structural water. CONSTITUTION:A substrate 101 made of aluminum or its alloy is subjected to anodic oxidation on the surface, and this surface is treated with steam or the like to convert it into alumina having structural water, such as Al2O3.H2O. An amorphous silicon layer 103 containing H or halogen directly on the substrate 101 or a barrier layer 102 formed on the substrate 101. The layer 103 contains N atoms by 0.02-30atomic% on the whole, but it contains them by 0.1- 60atomic% in a uniform distribution in a plane parallel to the surface 104 of the layer 103 near the surface 104, and their concentration is uniform in a plane parallel to the surface 104, and nonuniform in the vertical direction, gradually decreasing from the surface 104 toward the interlayer of the substrate 101, thus permitting excellent characteristics to be given.

High bandwidth optical waveguides and method of fabrication

Abstract: A method of forming a preform or blank for a high bandwidth gradient index optical filament, the preform itself and the resulting optical filament is disclosed. The preform which ultimately forms the optical filament includes a barrier layer between a tubular starting member which comprises the cladding and the core, the index of refraction of the barrier layer being equal to or less than the index of refraction of the tubular starting member; there being no step increase in the index of refraction of the barrier layer at the barrier layer-cladding interface nor of the core at the core-barrier layer interface of the optical filament. The barrier layer is formed from a base glass, a first dopant B2 O3, and at least one other dopant which is maintained substantially constant in the barrier layer and then gradually varied during the formation of the core. The quantity of B2 O3 is also maintained substantially constant in the barrier layer but then gradually decreased during the formation of the core.

High bandwidth optical waveguide having B2 O3 free core and method of fabrication

Abstract: A method of forming a preform or blank for a high bandwidth gradient index optical filament, the preform itself and the resulting optical filament is disclosed. The preform which ultimately forms the optical filament includes a barrier layer between a tubular starting member which comprises the cladding and the core, the index of refraction of the barrier layer being equal to or less than the index of refraction of the tubular starting member; there being no step increase in the index of refraction of the barrier layer at the barrier layer-cladding interface nor of the core at the core-barrier layer interface of the optical filament. The tubular starting member is formed of a base glass and at least one dopant, the index of refraction of the tubular starting member being in excess of said base glass. The barrier layer is formed from a base glass and at least one dopant which is maintained substantially constant in the barrier layer. The core is formed of a base glass and at least one dopant which is gradually varied during the formation of the core, the core being free of B2 O3.

Composite electrode for electrolytic processes

Abstract: A composite electrode especially suitable for electrowinning processes comprising an electrically conductive substrate having on at least a part of its surface a multilayer coating, said coating comprising: (a) a barrier layer directly on the substrate; (b) a ruthenium dioxide-containing non-electrodeposited surface layer; and (c) between the barrier layer and the surface layer, an intermediate layer consisting of an electroplated ruthenium-iridium deposit, said ruthenium-iridium deposit being at least partially in an oxidized state.

Oxidation resistant barrier coated copper based substrate and method for producing the same

Abstract: Copper based substrates for use at high temperatures in oxidizing atmospheres are made up of a copper core overlaid with a protective nickel oxide barrier layer formed in situ and an external protective layer of nickel. The process for forming the protective nickel oxide barrier layer comprises the steps of subjecting the copper core to oxidation to form a cuprous oxide surface layer over the copper core, reducing the surface of the cuprous oxide layer to regenerate copper to regain conductivity, plating a surface layer of nickel over the copper layer, and annealing the coated copper core to scavenge at least some of the oxygen from the cuprous oxide layer and react it at the interface with the plated nickel layer to form the protective nickel oxide barrier layer. The oxidation reduction steps may be carried continuously on a copper core which is moved through a reactor having an oxidation zone fed with oxygen, a reduction zone fed with hydrogen and a stabilizer zone separating the oxidation and reduction zones and fed with an inert gas. The reactor is maintained at a temperature such as to allow the oxidation and reduction reactions.

Silver halide color photographic light sensitive material

Abstract: PURPOSE:To prevent color figging and raise image density, by providing a specified non-photosensitive hydrophilic barrier layer in ocntact to the surface of a photosensitive silver halide emulsion layer conaining a 2-equivalent alpha-acylacetamide yellow forming coupler.

Thin metal-halogen cells

Abstract: A thin metal-halogen cell which comprises an electroconductive substrate, an anode active material layer of thin metal film formed on the base plate, a solid electrolyte layer formed on the anode active material, a cathode active material layer comprising a halogen, adhesive and carbonaceous powder, and an electroconductive plastic film, the latter two being laminated on the solid electrolyte layer in this order can be produced by using a step of forming thin films such as vacuum evaporation coating or sputtering and a step of laminating by using an adhesive. Thus, ultra-thin cells having high power and a thickness of 1 mm or less can be produced easily and inexpensively. When a separator and a barrier layer are sandwiched between the cathode active material layer and the solid electrolyte layer, shelf life of the cell is improved remarkably.

Bond and method of making the same

Abstract: A solid state laser rod and a mount through which heat is dissipated from the rod are joined together at a bond comprised of a reflective layer on the surface of the rod, a barrier layer over the reflective layer, and a solder layer between the barrier layer and the mount. The reflective layer may be applied by sputter or other deposition procedures and is highly reflective in the region of the spectrum at which the laser operates, thus insuring optimum efficiency for the rod. The barrier layer may be applied to the reflective layer by the same deposition procedure, and it is impervious to the solder so that the solder does not penetrate it and scavenge the reflective layer. The solder should have a low melting point so as to avoid setting up excessive mechanical stresses in the rod when the solder solidifies. Both the mount and the barrier layer may be covered with a wetting layer prior to soldering to achieve better adhesion of the solder.

Surface corrosion inhibition of zirconium alloys by laser surface β-quenching

Abstract: A laser beam is scanned over the surface of a structure comprising zirconium alloy in overlapping passes to form a barrier layer of corrosion resistant β-quenched zirconium alloy at the treated surface.

Optical fiber and method for producing the same

Abstract: A method for producing an optical fiber comprises (i) the step of depositing a barrier layer on the inner wall surface of a glass tube by the CVD (chemical vapor deposition) process, said barrier layer being capable of preventing the diffusion of impurities and being made of high-silica glass which has a refractive index that is substantially equal to that of the glass tube and which contains at least one substance for lowering the refractive index of silica and at least one substance for raising the refractive index of silica, (ii) the step of depositing a glass film of desired refractive index on the barrier layer by the CVD process, (iii) the step of heating and collapsing the resultant glass tube into a composite rod or the so-called optical fiber preform, and (iv) the step of heating and drawing said optical fiber preform into the optical fiber, whereby the optical fiber which has the impurity diffusion-preventing layer between the core and the outside glass layer can be easily produced.

Electrode barrier layer for hydrogen-colored electrochromic displays

Abstract: The invention provides a transparent electrode barrier layer between the metal oxide electrodes and electrochromic layers thereon in an electrochromic display in which coloration of the electrochromic layers is attributed to the incorporation of protons therein under an applied electrical potential. The electrode barrier layer minimizes the destructive reaction between the metal oxide electrodes and hydrogen from colored electrochromic layers. Display life is thereby substantially improved.

Method for resurfacing bowling alleys

Abstract: A method for resurfacing a bowling alley to fill dents and overlie the original wood surface with an oil barrier layer over which is adhesively affixed a high pressure laminate material layer with an external surface having the appearance of the original surface of the alley.

Process for producing material sensitive to electromagnetic and corpuscular radiation

Abstract: A process of producing a material sensitive to an electromagnetic and corpuscular radiation involves successively depositing, onto a transparent substrate, a layer of a semiconductor, a barrier layer inert to the semiconductor layer and a layer of a metal capable of reacting with the semiconductor layer under the effect of the electromagnetic and corpuscular radiation with the formation of the reaction products. After deposition of the metal layer, there is performed annealing at a temperature equal to or exceeding the temperature of diffusion of the material of the barrier layer into the material of the layers adjacent thereto. The annealing is conducted for a period sufficient for a partial or a complete dissolution of the barrier layer.

Self-adhesive tapes contg. atactic polypropylene barrier layer - which is opt. mixed with hydrocarbon resin and placed between carrier and adhesive layer

Abstract: Self-adhesive tapes consist of a carrier, a press- or heat-sensitive adhesive layer and a barrier layer of atactic polypropylene placed between carrier and adhesive layer Barrier layer adhesion to adhesive layer can be increased by adding a hydrocarbon resin, esp of mainly linear higher 10-30 (15-22) C hydrocarbons, to atactic polypropylene Atactic polypropylene can be applied as very thin layers and forms a thin, elastic film having good barrier properties against a carrier of paper, pulp or textiles Loss of adhesive is prevented Adhesive tape obtd combines properties of plastic foil carriers with those of paper No solvent is needed

Tritium diffusion barrier for metals - using several layers of spinel and metal and suitable for gas cooled nuclear reactors

Abstract: Diffusion barrier layer (a) for use on heat resistant metals, consists of 2 layers of spinel sepd. by metal layers and covered by an outer metal layer. Three spinel layers, each 3-20 mu m thick, are pref. used, and are sepd. by metals forming spinels, esp. layers of Ni or Fe, the outer metal layer being pref. nickel. The barrier layer prevents the diffusion of tritium (T), esp. in gas cooled high-temp. nuclear reactors, where helium used to remove heat is contaminated with radioisotope gases, esp. T, which must not be allowed to diffuse through e.g. a heat resistant steel tube used in a heat exchanger.

Metal extn. using sinter and condenser plants - with application of barrier layer over part of appts. to prevent deposition of metal and dust deposits

Abstract: In a metal extn. process using sinter and condenser plants, a barrier a barrier layer is applied over parts of the condenser and other parts which are liable to receive deposits of metal and dust. The barrier layer is pref. of an alkaline earth metal cpd. Time consuming hammering and chipping is eliminated.

Compound semiconductor device

Abstract: PURPOSE:Diffusion of metals detrimental to bonding into an Au film is prevented by providing a Mo film or W film as a barrier layer.

Ellipsometric measurements of the barrier layer in composite aluminum oxide films

Abstract: The composite oxide film (hydrous + anodic) formed on aluminum foil was chemically stripped to remove only the outer hydrous layer. Ellipsometry of the remaining barrier film showed it to be thinner and have a higher refractive index than conventional anodic barrier films grown to the same voltage. Reanodization to improve film stability gave a further increase in refractive index which indicated that the barrier film had contained some voids. The barrier film is almost entirely crystalline γ-Al2O3 and the higher field strength compared with conventional amorphous anodic films on aluminum is believed to be a characteristic of the denser oxide.