Showing papers on "Base load power plant published in 1986"

Nuclear Energy Cost Data Base: A reference data base for nuclear and coal-fired powerplant power generation cost analysis

Abstract: A reference data base and standard methodology are needed for performing comparative nuclear and fossil power generation cost analyses for the Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy. This report contains such a methodology together with reference assumptions and data to be used with the methodology. It is intended to provide basic guidelines or a starting point for analyses and to serve as a focal point in establishing parameters and methods to be used in economic comparisons of nuclear systems with alternatives. The data base is applicable for economic comparisons of new base load light-water reactors on either the current once-through cycle or self-generated recycle, high- and low-sulfur coal-fired plants, and oil- and natural gas-fired electric generating plants coming on line around the turn of the century. In additions to light-water reactors and fossil fuel-fired plants, preliminary cost information is also presented on liquid metal reactor plants. This report includes a data base containing proposed technical and economic assumptions to be used in analyses, discussions of recommended methodology to be used in calculating power generation costs, and a sample calculation for illustrative benchmark purposes.

System for economic unit load distribution during process load transition

Abstract: In a plant including a multiplicity of energy conversion units which together supply load upon demand to a given process through a common junction, a system is included to economically optimize the load distribution among the multiple units dynamically during the transition of process load demand from one state to another such that when the process load supply reaches the other process demand state, the energy conversion units are substantially in their economically optimum individual load generating states. Typical unit load dispatching plants may include a boiler house in which a multiplicity of boilers are coupled to a common header for supplying stream flow to the particular process, a power turbogeneration system in which a multiplicity of turbogenerating units supply power to a power system network through a common bus and a heat exchange industrial process in which a multiplicity of power-driven compressors are used together with corresponding chiller units for maintaining the temperature of a common coolant under varying coolant flow demand conditions.

Cool Water: Demonstration of a Clean and Efficient New Coal Technology

Abstract: Cool Water, the world's first commercial-scale, integrated coal gasification combined cycle power plant, has been operating successfully since May 1984 near Barstow, California. The 100-megawatt plant, which was completed ahead of schedule and under budget, is probably the cleanest coal-fired power generating facility now in commercial operation. An ongoing demonstration program at Cool Water shows that future baseload power plants that use this technology can be built modularly in increments of a few hundred megawatts and compete economically with much larger, conventional coal-fired power plants equipped for flue gas desulfurization.

Integrated coal gasification combined cycles (IGCC) an emerging commercial option for the power industry

Abstract: The very successful initial operation of the 100 MWe Cool Water Coal Gasification Combined Cycle Power Plant during 1985 has stimulated a great deal of interest in IGCC technology within the U.S. and foreign electric power industries. The Cool Water plant has clearly shown that IGCC plants, based on Texaco Partial Oxidation technology, can greatly reduce environmental emissions from coal utilization facilities and simultaneously meet normal electric utility load following requirements. In addition, inspections of Cool Water components, after nearly 7000 hours of operation, have shown that critical units are withstanding the service conditions very well. As a consequence, electric utilities are now developing confidence that such systems can be operated and maintained with little change in normal utility practice. In parallel, electric load growth in the U.S. has been spurred by economic recovery and electric end use substitution; therefore, electric utilities are again beginning to plan unit additions for the early- to mid-1990's. Since many electric utilities have excess baseload capacity, initial generation additions are likely to be combustion turbines or combustion turbine combined cycle power plants. It is likely that these systems will first be used for peaking and mid-range duty and be fired with premium fuels suchmore » as natural gas and distillate. However, in the longer term, they are likely to be phased into baseload operation utilizing coal gasification technology. It is this planning flexibility which adds another important benefit and ''degree of freedom'' to IGCC power plants.« less

Increasing Hydropower Operating Efficiency

Abstract: A method is described for determining the most efficient use of hydro units in a multiple unit hydro plant In a multi-unit plant enough flexibility exists to load a chosen set of units so as to meet a required power demand with maximum overall plant efficiency The method described can be used to search for this 'globally efficient' loading of units The method offers two options The first option accepts a specified load for each unit and simulates a multi-unit plant operation to meet a required plant load The second option uses any initial set of unit loads that meet unit generation limits and the plant load requirement and then alters these loads until best overall plant efficiency is determined The method has been programmed for use on a personal computer

Design of Solar Energy Systems for Supplying Power to Remote Communications Centers

Abstract: Three different load models are evaluated in the context of designing a solar energy system for supplying power to remote communications centers. The loss of power supply probability is used as a measure of performance. The load models range in sophistication from a typical load profile for a communications center based on recorded data to a simple model consisting of just two parameters, namely the maximum and minimum load demands. It is found that the simpler load models are good substitutes for the more sophisticated load model from the design view point. Also, the final design values, based on the loss of power supply probability approach, for a typical solar energy conversion system with energy storage supplying power to a remote communications center are given. The results and discussion presented should be useful to designers of solar energy conversion systems with energy storage.

The high voltage grid interface in present and future jet operational requirements

Abstract: A number of limitations surround the JET pulse load and its impact upon the high voltage network in order not to decrease quality and reliability of the electrical supply to other consumers. According to the present agreement with the Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB) the active and reactive power swing at the 400kV point of supply should not exceed 575MW and 375MVAr. The voltage drop should be less than 1.5% and the rise and decay of JET load should not exceed 200MW/s. There are also limitations in load power steps the purpose being to protect components of the CEGB power system.

Modelling and optimization of the Gosau hydro electric power system

Abstract: This paper is concerned with the optimization of base load production of a real world storage power station system. Both mathematical models and numerical techniques are presented. Dynamic Programming is used for the numerical solution. A sensitivity analysis of the results is made and a discussion of the profit of the power plant company is given.

The Short-Run Value of Nonutility-Generated Electricity

Abstract: The Public Utilities Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA) of 1978 and the associated rulings of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) obligate the electric utilities to purchase electricity generated by qualifying facilities at the utility's avoided cost of alternative energy. They include no further indication of how this cost should be calculated and leave the actual implementation to the state's regulatory authorities. In this work, a computer simulation model was developed to study the short-run value of electricity that is generated by private entities and offered for sale to the electric utilities. Using the production simulation theory, the model determines how a set of generation units at different locations can be dispatched in the most economic way to meet a certain electric demand. The model then calculates the short-run value of nonutility-generated electricity by assuming the variable operational costs of electricity production will remain unchanged for any penetration of nonutility power. Several penetration scenarios were simulated using a hypothetical utility case. The short-run value of nonutility-generated electricity was found to increase with increased penetrations up to a maximum level before it starts decreasing as a result of the displacement of intermediate and base load capacity. Moreover, neither of the utility's marginal fuel costs calculated before and after the inclusion of the nonutility resources in the utility generation mix proved to capture the short-run value of the nonutility-generated electricity.

Efficiency of producing additional power in units of nuclear power stations containing water-cooled-water-moderated reactors

Abstract: There is a basic possibility to raise the maximum power of a unit containing the VVER-1000 reactor in the course of the fuel charge burn-up and with lowering the coefficient of the energy-release nonuniformity in the reactor core. It is more advantageous economically to obtain additional power in carrying the peak load. With the duration of such operating conditions for 1000–2000 h/yr savings can amounts to 1–4 million rubles per year per 100 MW of additional power when compared to peaking GTP.