Showing papers on "Base load power plant published in 1997"

Fuel cell power supply system

Abstract: A power supply system for enhancing the economic viability of different modes of transportation that incorporate fuel cells to generate electricity. For example, the power supply system of the present invention provides for the off-board use of the electric power generated by an on-board power plant, such as a fuel cell, of a mobile vehicle power system, such as an electric car. Off-board use, or use remote from the vehicle, of the electrical power includes the delivery of power to a remote site. Off-board stations are provided for delivery of fuel to the vehicle and/or for receiving the electrical power generated by the fuel cell. The off-board station and the vehicle are appropriately equipped for quick and easy interconnection such that electrical power is drawn from the fuel cell for off-board use.

Method of power generation and load management with hybrid mode of operation of a combustion turbine derivative power plant

Abstract: The invention provides a stand-alone, hybrid combustion turbine derivative power generation system sized for the most efficient and cost-effective base load operation that is also capable of providing, using air storage techniques, short-duration peak power, which is approximately 200% of the base load rating, and short-duration intermediate load power over a whole a range of loads between a base load and a peak load. The peak/intermediate power is also delivered with the best practical efficiency possible. The hybrid system may employ a variety of combustion turbine thermal cycles, including a simple cycle combustion turbine plant, combustion turbine plants with intercooling, reheat, recuperation, steam injection and humidification, and combined cycle power plants.

Geothermal energy from the earth : Its potential impact as an environmentally sustainable resource

Abstract: ▪ Abstract Geothermal energy technology is reviewed in terms of its current impact and future potential as an energy source. In general, the geothermal energy resource base is large and well distributed globally. Geothermal systems have a number of positive social characteristics (they are simple, safe, and adaptable systems with modular 1–50 MW [thermal (t) or electric (e)] plants capable of providing continuous baseload, load following, or peaking capacity) and benign environmental attributes (negligible emissions of CO2, SOx, NOx, and particulates, and modest land and water use). Because these features are compatible with sustainable growth of global energy supplies in both developed and developing countries, geothermal energy is an attractive option to replace fossil and fissile fuels. In 1997, about 7,000 MWe of base-load generating capacity and over 15,000 MWt of heating capacity from high-grade geothermal resources are in commercial use worldwide. A key question is whether these levels can grow to ...

Minimum loss predispatch model for hydroelectric power systems

Abstract: A predispatch model that minimizes generation and transmission losses on hydroelectric power systems is presented and applied to the hydroelectric power system of COPEL, a Brazilian utility located in Southern Brazil. Power loss in the generation and transmission systems is minimized on an hourly basis throughout a day. Load demand as well as generation, transmission and interchange operational constraints are satisfied. Hydroelectric generation characteristics are described in detail. Power loss in hydroelectric generation is associated with a reduction in turbine-generator efficiency and effective water head. The latter is due to an increase in tailrace elevation and penstock head loss. Power loss upon transmission is calculated as a quadratic function of active power flow, as represented in a DC load flow model. The predispatch model was evaluated under typical operational conditions, achieving significant savings with respect to actual operation.

Floating deep water power station extracts energy from wind, wave, water and solar sources

Abstract: The deep water esp. floating combined power station and manufacturing facility generates energy from renewable power sources which are stored within the assembly and consumed as required. The power station extracts the power from two or more renewable energy sources in the immediate vicinity of the installation e.g. differential sea water temperature, wave power, wind power or solar power, depending upon the nature of the natural energy resources present. The power extracted is used to drive one or more industrial processes either within or in the immediate vicinity of the installation. A group of such power stations may drive one or more such processes. The power station is either installed on a floating artificial island or a natural island. The floating power station has an anchorage system whose position may be varied around the artificial island, and which may be rapidly raised or lowered. The power station artificial island is mobile either in combination with a tug, or under its own power.

Power supply for providing instantaneous energy during utility power outages

Abstract: A power supply system and method provides for smooth transitions between a utility power, transitory instantaneous power, and backup power in the event of a utility power failure of a utility supplying power to a load. As the utility power weakens due to a failure of the normal utility power supply, a synchronous machine becomes immediately a generator and supplies the required instantaneous power to the load. In order to maintain a constant speed on the synchronous machine, a high speed flywheel rotating faster than the synchronous machine provide kinetic energy that is magnetically coupled to the synchronous machine through an electromagnetic clutch to provide the synchronous machine with the required energy until the utility recovers from its failure. The control means enable smooth transitions by phase synchronization when transiting between utility power, instantaneous power and backup power.

Fuel cell based uninterrupted power sources

Abstract: This paper presents the concept of providing a power source for essential utilities under emergencies for a power outage as long as 240 hrs. After a careful analysis of various options for providing longer duration back-up power sources, the authors are of the opinion that hydrogen-based fuel cells can be the ideal solution. When commercial mains is available, hydrogen is generated by operating the fuel cell in the electrolyser mode. This hydrogen is stored and utilized under emergency conditions to generate power through the fuel cell. The necessary power controller can source the stabilised power and can also source energy to generate hydrogen as well as charge batteries. The output demanded by the load will be converted from DC to the required AC source by the same controller.

Hybrid energy storage system

Abstract: An energy storage system including a first power conversion device and a second power conversion device for providing energy to loads upon interruption of a main power source. A first power conversion device is connected in parallel to a first load, receives energy from an energy storage device and provides power to the first load. A second power conversion device is connected in series with a second load, receives energy from the energy storage device and provides power to the second load. The first and second power conversion devices are rated so that power consumption by the power conversion devices is reduced.

A Planner's Guide for Selecting Clean-Coal Technologies for Power Plants

Abstract: This report has been prepared as a technology selection guide for the use of power system planners and engineers to facilitate the selection of cost-effective, environmentally friendly technologies for coal-based power generation in countries grappling with impending power and capital shortages in the face of stricter environmental regulations. The report focuses on plants greater than 100 MWe (Megawatt electric) in India and China. Technical, economic, and environmental information is provided on technologies for 1) coal quality/coal cleaning, 2) combustion, 3) SO2 (sulfur dioxide) emission control, 4) NOx (nitrogen oxide) emission control, 5) particulate emission control, and 6) waste handling. This report also provides help to understanding power and associated pollution control technologies, their cost and performance. The report contains a technology selection model--the Fast Track Model--and two realistic case studies. The model gives a working procedure for the technology selection phase of a prefeasibility study. Also included in the strategy guide are descriptions of low cost refurbishment options that can be carried out to increase efficiency, increase availability, and reduce operating and maintenance costs in an existing power plant.

Household power supply system

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To attain significant cost reduction by using sunlight generating power, midnight power, and ordinary power in order of lower-cost, and making full use of sunlight generating power. SOLUTION: Power obtained by a sunlight generating apparatus 9, midnight power of an external system 1, and ordinary power are compared with each other in cost, and low-cost power is supplied to housing electrical equipment 3, a housing storage battery 5 and a vehicle storage battery 21 for an electric vehicle 20 with high priority. The excess of the sunlight generating power is supplied to the external system 1 for the sale of electric power, so that it is possible to attain significant cost reduction. COPYRIGHT: (C)1999,JPO

Method for making redundant power supplies hot-pluggable

Abstract: It has been discovered that providing a computer system with a hot pluggable power supply as well as a disconnectable resistive load allows a second power supply to be brought on-line while operating within the proper voltage range and then disconnecting the resistive load from the power supply so as to conserve energy and lower the operating temperature of the computer system. Such a system also conserves energy by reducing the size of the fan that the computer system requires. Such a system also allows for a the use of larger test resistor thus providing a more accurate load test. Such a system also allows for saving space as one test circuit can be used for both power supplies. Such a system also allows for a reduced capacity power supply as the power supply does not have to continuously supply power to the resistive test load.

Vehicle power supply distribution apparatus

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a power supply distribution apparatus with which powers can be supplied to a load to which a power has to be always supplied and the power supply can be maintained securely even if the power supply is cut off by some reason or a power supply line is damaged by the collision of vehicles. SOLUTION: Power is supplied from a battery power supply to loads to which power may be supplied whenever necessary through a main power supply line L13a and to loads (a power supply control means 105 and a load control means 205) to which power have to be always supplied through a plurality of backup power supply lines L13b and L13bA respectively. The main power supply line L13a and one backup power supply line L13b are connected to the loads (the power supply control means 105 and the load control means 205) through a same route and the other backup power supply line L13bA is connected to those loads 105 and 205 through a different route. A power from the backup power supply is also supplied to a main running system load. A battery power supply line L11 is branched into the respective power supply lines in a power supply box 10. The power supply control means 105 is supplied with the power from a plurality of the backup power supply lines for operation and controls a cutoff means 101 to cut off the main power supply.

Method to quickly increase the power of a power station

Abstract: The operating method allows a spontaneous increase in the power output of the power generation plant by supplying an additional medium (19) to the power generation process. The additional medium is stored in a container (20) under pressure and is provided by a base material (17), e.g. water, mixed with a fuel (18), e.g. oil or alcohol, for providing an emulsion.

Solar Power Output Correlation with Utility Demand in Southern Nevada

Abstract: Various solar electric system performance codes are used to predict the power generated by different solar power systems in the Southern Nevada area during 1990 by using the National Solar Radiation Data Base (NSRDB) for Las Vegas. The system types evaluated along with the prediction codes (shown in parenthesis) are as follows: a central receiver or a power tower system with various amounts of storage (SOLERGY), a Luz type SEGS parabolic trough system without fossil fuel backup or storage (LUZERGY), a dish-Stirling system (DISH2, a conversion of direct beam radiation with constant collector/engine efficiency was used for this), and various arrangements of nonconcentrating photovoltaic devices (PVFORM). Comparisons of these results are made with the daily variations of load requirements of an electrical utility operating in the same geographical area. These comparisons are made for summer and winter periods. It is shown that several of the power generation schemes have summer peak outputs that occur at times very near to, but not coincident with, the peak utility load requirements. The power tower with a relatively small amount of thermal storage was the only scheme able to provide full power output at the times of summer peak demands. Winter peaks in thismore » region occur during the night. Two comparisons are made that illuminate the summer load serving capability of solar generation in addition to simply showing time-variations of outputs. Included in these comparisons are the determination of the difference in time between the peak power output and the peak demand, as well as the normalized fraction of the peak power generated at the peak demand times.« less

High efficient ecologically pure wave electric power station and its applications

Abstract: In view of the limited nature of nonrenewable power resources and ecological purity requirements, the solution of the problem of power production growth is most often connected with the use of renewable power resources. Ocean waves, capable of producing the highest specific power among the renewable sources, is a rather perspective energy carrier in the series of renewable power resources. The paper is devoted to a sea-based float wave electric power station (FWEPS) as a facility for converting wave energy into electrical energy. Additionally, it is devoted to the concept of FWEPS applications for solving a large number of economic problems by avoiding the environmental contamination and disturbance of processes occurring in the Earth's ecosystem.

Electrical grid stability and its impact on nuclear power generating stations

Abstract: This paper discusses the generation control, reactive power balances, power transfer limits, reserve margins, load reduction procedures and the effect of deregulation which may impact the availability of a stable offsite power to the nuclear power generating stations.

The impact of the air conditioning load on the economy of electric power systems

Abstract: This paper addresses the energy efficient technologies as applied to power system economy, together with their direct impact on the environment. It deals with the simulation of the daily load curve of electric power networks in the presence of an air conditioning load, taking into account the power system's peak load, its load factor, the magnitude and the starting time point of the A/C load as well as its duration. If combined with an assumed fuel characteristic of the power network, the daily fuel consumption cost can be obtained. By means of a detailed parameter study on a sample power system, the impact of the air conditioning load component on the system's daily cost is illustrated and discussed. Moreover, the economic feasibility of applying two suggested control strategies of the air-conditioning load aiming at reducing the system's fuel consumption, is investigated.

Energy Market Integration in the Mercosur

Abstract: ne1 session titled Power and ui-a1 Gas in Latin America: ToIntegrated Market was held on February 3, as part of the 1997 IEEE Power Engineering Society (PES) Winter Meeting in New York. The session was sponsored by the IEEE PES Energy Development and Power Generation Committee, chaired by Thomas J. Hammons, and cochaired by Nelson de Franco. Presentations included: Energy Market Integration in the Merosur by Luis Victorio Sbertoli, SIGLA S.A., Argentina Overview of the Gas Industry in Latin America by Chakib Khelil, The World Bank Interactions Between Gas and Electricity Markets by Hugh Rudnick, Catholic University of Chile Transport of Gas or Electricity Transmission? by Alessandro Clerici and A. Longhi, Asea Brown Boveri SpA, Italy. Panelists focused on the gas and electric power industry in Latin America in terms of the following: Transport of gas or transmission of electricity Energy market integration in the southern cone of South America Issues on gas use for electricity generation in South America countries. Countries such as Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru will export natural gas to Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay and Chile, and the energy matrices of these countries will change.

Case for hybrid gas/electric chiller plants: Options for the 21st century

Abstract: In 1992, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission issued its Order 636 This order changed the natural gas industry from the traditional producer-pipeline-distribution company structure to a new less defined, more competitive arena Then on April 24, 1996, the FERC issued Orders 888 and 889 These orders instructed the nation`s electric utilities to open their transmission lines to competitors These three historic decisions have forever changed the way energy is sold The restructuring of the utility industry adds significant complexity and uncertainty to the HVAC design issue HVAC systems will need to maximize the load factor on building energy supply facilities as well as maintain flexible operating schedules to take advantage of pricing opportunities in a changing market It`s very likely that within a few years, HVAC system energy selection will be determined by a computer-run system employing as its point of reference an algorithm of the building and its operations It is most probable that this system will base its fuel selection on an hourly or daily cost of energy If natural gas prices drop by one or two percent for the day, and if electric prices remain stable at a higher rate for that day, then when the buildingmore » occupants arrive for work the next day, their HVAC system will be running primarily on natural gas for its base load And the system that are designed--in addition to being designed for maximum cost efficiency--must also be designed for comfort« less

Artificial intelligence techniques for voltage control [of power systems]

Abstract: In electric power systems, the advantages of reactive power dispatching or optimisation include: improved utilisation of reactive power sources and hence a reduction in reactive power flows and real losses of the system; unloading of the system and equipment as a result of reactive flow reduction, hence the power factors of generation are improved and system security is enhanced; reduced voltage gradients and somewhat higher voltages which result across the system from improved operation; deferred capital investment of new reactive power sources as a result of improved utilisation of existing equipment; and for the UK National Grid Company plc (NGC), the main advantage is reduced out-of-merit operation. The objective of this paper is to review conventional methods and AI techniques for reactive power control.