scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Showing papers on "Base load power plant published in 2019"


Journal ArticleDOI
18 Sep 2019-Joule
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compare the performance of wind and solar energy with storage to meet various demand profiles and estimate that energy storage capacity costs below a roughly $20/kWh target would allow a wind-solar mix to provide cost-competitive baseload electricity in resource-abundant locations such as Texas and Arizona.

244 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Simulation results of a 20MW solar farm demonstrate that the proposed method can ensure the rated power transfer of PV power plant with SCR of 1.25, provided that PV inverters with PFmin=0.9 is used.
Abstract: This paper analyzes the power transfer limitation of the photovoltaic (PV) power plant under the ultra-weak grid condition, i.e., when the short-circuit ratio (SCR) is close to 1. It explicitly identifies that a minimum SCR of 2 is required for the PV power plant to deliver the rated active power when operating with the unity power factor. Then, considering the reactive power compensation from PV inverters, the minimum SCR in respect to power factor (PF) is derived, and the optimized coordination of the active and reactive power is exploited. It is revealed that the power transfer capability of PV power plant under the ultra-weak grid is significantly improved with the low PF operation. An adaptive reactive power droop control is next proposed to effectively distribute the reactive power demands to the individual inverters, and meanwhile, maximize the power transfer capacity of the PV power plant. Simulation results of a 200-MW PV power plant demonstrate that the proposed method can ensure the rated power transfer of PV power plant with the SCR of 1.25, provided that the PV inverters are operated with the minimal PF=0.9.

98 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
15 Mar 2019-Energy
TL;DR: In this paper, the utilization of a certain portion of the heat production of a waste-fired CHP plant as the heat source of an organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is proposed.

63 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a waste-driven combined heat and power cycle is combined with a large-scale absorption chiller to not only create a strong yet reliable synergy between the three energy sectors of cold, heat, and power, but also to improve the plant performance in terms of energy and sustainability indices.

57 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper strongly challenges the Ugandan government's nuclear energy and largely grid-based electrification expansion plans and calls for solar concentrated power as a baseload option in the future and a focus on off-grid electrification which the model selects for the majority of household connections in 2040, even in a high-demand scenario.

53 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the principles of hydro-wind compensating operation, aiming at improving the power quality of wind power and promoting the integration of wind energy into the power grid, and provided an approach to schedule optimal operation plans for power grids with large-scale wind power.

48 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy based on the Evolutionary Algorithms (EA) is proposed for the optimal dispatch of renewable generation units and demand response in a grid-tied hybrid system.

47 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review of nuclear power plant (NPP) builds show mixed results, with delays in Finland and in the US offset by successes in China, South Korea and the UAE as mentioned in this paper.

43 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
15 Dec 2019-Energy
TL;DR: In this paper, the possibilities for community-scale off-grid distributed base power generation from marine energy with application to electrically deficient coastal communities in underdeveloped regions are examined, and different hydrodynamic-to-mechanical energy conversion schemes are evaluated for appropriateness to the target application.

39 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
15 Sep 2019-Energy
TL;DR: The optimization of the operating policies of existing hydropower plants, not only for the present capacities of solar and wind but also taking future additions into the account, is found to be quite sensitive to the reservoir inflow data.

39 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provided an overview of the environmental and economic performance of geothermal power based on an emergy evaluation and economic analysis of the Yangbajain plant in Tibet, the largest working geothermal plant in China.
Abstract: Geothermal power has received a great deal of attention in China as the country strives to be less dependent on coal energy and to seek stable and base load renewable power. The country's 13th Five-Year Plan for geothermal energy calls for an additional 500 MW by 2020. To assess whether this ambitious target can be achieved, this paper provides an overview of the environmental and economic performance of geothermal power based on an emergy evaluation and economic analysis of the Yangbajain plant in Tibet, the largest working geothermal power plant in China. The results indicate that the full flow system that the plant currently uses has a much higher production efficiency than the dry steam geothermal power plant in Italy. In addition, the system exhibits a relatively good environmental sustainability compared to other renewable energy generation technologies. However, it is still not economically feasible without government subsidies. Labor is expensive due to the high demand for trained professionals and the harsh working conditions in Tibet. Since China's high-quality geothermal resources are mainly located in Tibet, it would be quite challenging to achieve the ambitious 500 MW target by 2020. However, considering its environmental competitiveness, attractive subsidy policies and support for scientific research to promote technological innovations are proposed in this study to encourage the growth of the geothermal power industry in China, which would provide the country with another valuable alternative to coal.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper developed a systematic process of using smart metering data to quantify building daily load profiles with a set of statistics, e.g. base load, peak load, rising time and so on, which will help building managers to locate problems just in time.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Aug 2019-Energy
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a framework for identifying the shallow geothermal energy potential of new individual and district heating (DH) systems, where the main criteria for analysis are ground temperature, thermal conductivity, heat flow, and heat capacity.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the potential contribution of simultaneous geothermal power and heat generation in German municipalities to achieving energy autonomy has been analyzed, where a linear regression is used to estimate the achievable hydrothermal temperatures and the required drilling depths.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A model predictive control (MPC)-based algorithm that formulates the BtG integration and accounts for the time-scale discrepancy is developed, and the formulation captures dynamic and algebraic power flow constraints of power networks and is shown to be numerically advantageous.
Abstract: This paper puts forth a mathematical framework for buildings-to-grid (BtG) integration in smart cities. The framework explicitly couples power grid and building’s control actions and operational decisions, and can be utilized by buildings and power grids operators to simultaneously optimize their performance. Simplified dynamics of building clusters and building-integrated power networks with algebraic equations are presented—both operating at different time-scales. A model predictive control-based algorithm that formulates the BtG integration and accounts for the time-scale discrepancy is developed. The formulation captures dynamic and algebraic power flow constraints of power networks and is shown to be numerically advantageous. This paper analytically establishes that the BtG integration yields a reduced total system cost in comparison with decoupled designs where grid and building operators determine their controls separately. The developed framework is tested on standard power networks that include thousands of buildings modeled using industrial data. Case studies demonstrate building energy savings and significant frequency regulation, while these findings carry over in network simulations with nonlinear power flows and mismatch in building model parameters. Finally, simulations indicate that the performance does not significantly worsen when there is uncertainty in the forecasted weather and base load conditions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In a low-carbon world (nuclear, wind, solar, and hydro) there is the need for assured dispatchable electricity to replace the historical role of fossil fuels as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In a low-carbon world (nuclear, wind, solar, and hydro) there is the need for assured dispatchable electricity to replace the historical role of fossil fuels. Base-load reactors can provide variabl...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a thermodynamic analysis of thermal energy storage (TES) coupled with a nuclear-powered Rankine cycle is presented to increase the flexibility of baseload power plants.

Journal ArticleDOI
15 May 2019-Energy
TL;DR: In this article, the optimal combination of technologies in a hybrid system consisting of concentrating solar thermal (CST), solar photovoltaic (PV), battery storage and diesel generators is identified.

Journal ArticleDOI
15 Jul 2019-Energy
TL;DR: In this paper, a pre-selection of relevant TCS materials and applications in district heating for future detailed analysis is presented, and the authors support a pre selection of relevant thermochemical storage material and applications.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an optimal contract between a demand response aggregator (DRA) and power grid customers for incentive-based demand response is designed. But the authors consider a setting in which the customers are asked to reduce their electricity consumption by the DRA and they are compensated for this demand curtailment.
Abstract: We design an optimal contract between a demand response aggregator (DRA) and power grid customers for incentive-based demand response. We consider a setting in which the customers are asked to reduce their electricity consumption by the DRA and they are compensated for this demand curtailment. However, given that the DRA must supply every customer with as much power as she desires, a strategic customer can temporarily increase her base load in order to report a larger reduction as part of the demand response event. The DRA wishes to incentivize the customers both to make costly effort to reduce load and to not falsify the reported load reduction. We model this problem as a contract design problem and present a solution. The proposed contract consists of two parts: a part that depends on (the possibly inflated) load reduction as measured by the DRA and another that provides a share of the profit that accrues to the DRA through the demand response event to the customers. Since this profit accrues due to the total load reduction because of the actions taken by all the customers, the interaction among the customers also needs to be carefully included in the contract design. The contract design and its properties are presented and illustrated through examples.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the design aspects and performance of a rooftop grid-connected solar photovoltaic power plant (RTGCSPVPP) has been studied for supplying the energy to whole hospital building.
Abstract: In this paper design aspects and performance of a rooftop grid-connected solar photovoltaic power plant (RTGCSPVPP) has been studied. The RTGCSPVPP is installed at Gauri Maternity Home Ramkrishna Puram Kota Rajasthan, India for supplying the energy to whole hospital building. It was observed under a certain period of time during May 2017. Power output and other parameters such as economic parameters which affect the feasibility of a PV plant as payback period, net present value, life cycle conversion efficiency, environmental related parameters as CO2 mitigation and earned carbon credits were calculated. Total energy demand and monthly energy consumption of previous one year of the site was assessed and analyzed for base load calculation and design. The outcome shows the financial viability and possible reduction of burden on conventional energy sources. The grid-connectivity of PV plant made through a net-metering system which supplied energy to the grid when power generation is more than its demand and receives the energy during low power generation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented a framework for economic assessment of storage devices incorporated with photovoltaic (PV) generators considering nine storage technologies, and the results showed that the demand for 6-hour service starting from 09:00 am is the most optimal demand for most storage technologies.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: CASSIOPeiA as mentioned in this paper is the first satellite with a beam-steering capability, and it can be extended to the multi-gigawatt regime by replacing the rotating interfaces with fixed mirror concentrators.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The perturb and observe technique is used to obtain the peak power of a solar PV array using a three-phase grid-tied solar photovoltaic (PV) powered electric vehicle battery (EVB) system.
Abstract: This study deals with the control of a three-phase grid-tied solar photovoltaic (PV) powered electric vehicle battery (EVB) system. The perturb and observe technique is used to obtain the peak power of a solar PV array. The EVB is connected through a DC-DC buck-boost converter at the DC link of voltage source converter (VSC), which is charged in base load periods and discharged at high load periods. This converter also maintains the DC link voltage to its maximum power point tracking and the EVB capacity is reduced in comparison to a system, where it is directly assimilated at the DC link. An adaptive recursive digital filter is used in an economical and efficient single-stage grid-connected solar PV-EVB system for the evaluation of the fundamental current constituent of non-linear load current, subsequently the grid current is sinusoidal and has unity power factor. The system with recursive filter control is adaptable at solar insolation variation and load change. VSC works as an active power filter under no solar power generation and compensates the load reactive power. The operation of scheme is validated with test results on a prototype developed in steady-state and dynamic conditions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The United States produces approximately 19% of the electricity produced in the United States comes from nuclear power plants, according to the Energy Information Administration (EIA) as discussed by the authors, and coal-powered power plants operate in a baseload mode.
Abstract: Approximately 19% of the electricity produced in the United States comes from nuclear power plants. Traditionally, nuclear power plants, as well as larger coal-fired plants, operate in a baseload m...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance and competitiveness of a nuclear power plant (NPP) combined with a hydrogen power plant compared with a gas-turbine power plant and a pumped-storage hydroelectric power station (PSPS) to satisfy the peak electrical demand in a power system in terms of the peak electric power prime costs is analyzed.
Abstract: The article deals with the assessment of the performance and competitiveness of a nuclear power plant (NPP) combined with a hydrogen power plant compared with a gas-turbine power plant (GTPP) and a pumped-storage hydroelectric power station (PSPS) to satisfy the peak electrical demand in a power system in terms of the peak electric power prime costs. The structure of installed capacities of various interconnected power systems is shown considering the increase in the capacity levels in the immediate future. The necessity of curtailing the load of the power-generating units during the periods of the nighttime off-peak demand is justified. For this purpose, the efficiency of curtailing the load of the power-generating units of various types is analyzed under variable electric loads. As an example, the power-generating units of an NPP equipped with a VVER-1200 reactor, a 300-MW condensation electric power plant, and a PGU-450 combined-cycle gas turbine are considered. The increase in the electric power prime cost serves as the efficiency criterion. To provide the NPP with the base load, variants of combining the NPP with a hydrogen power plant with steam–hydrogen superheating of the live steam upstream from the high-pressure cylinder of the primary turbine and the high-pressure cylinder of the auxiliary steam turbine accompanied by ejection of the heating reheat steam are presented. The forecasted prices of fuel gas and nuclear fuels, as well as of the nighttime electric power for 2020 and in the long term until 2035, are taken into account. It is shown that the employment of GTPPs results in an additional increase in the expenditures caused by curtailing the load of the NPP at nighttime and appears to be inefficient in some cases. The expenditures on the substituted power are accounted for in comparison with the pumped-storage power station in the hydrogen power plant variant. It is shown that the pumped-storage power stations can compete in the foreseeable future with the hydrogen power plants in terms of peak electric power prime costs at minimum specific capital investments of approximately 660 $/kW. In the long term, due to a considerable increase in the nighttime electricity cost, the pumped-storage power stations will not be able to compete with the hydrogen power plants.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the possibilities for the use of molten salt as storage in modern concentrated solar power plants are discussed, with focus on the European energy sector and EU legislation, and perspectives for their development, first in economic aspects, are considered.
Abstract: Concentrated solar power plants belong to the category of clean sources of renewable energy. The paper discusses the possibilities for the use of molten salts as storage in modern CSP plants. Besides increasing efficiency, it may also shift their area of application: thanks to increased controllability, they may now be used not only to cover baseload but also as more agile, dispatchable generators. Both technological and economic aspects are presented, with focus on the European energy sector and EU legislation. General characteristics for CSP plants, especially with molten salt storage, are discussed. Perspectives for their development, first of all in economic aspects, are considered.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the detailed operational history of a single coal-fired thermal generating station experiencing a large degree of load flexing located within the footprint of the Western Energy Imbalance Market (EIM).

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Oct 2019
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on pumped hydro energy storage (PHES) plants' current operations after electricity system reforms and variable renewable energy (VRE) installations in Japan and focus on the daily highest capacity ratio of PHES plants in Kyushu area has recorded three times higher than it in the other areas where the past operating mode is still conducted.
Abstract: This paper focuses on pumped hydro energy storage (PHES) plants’ current operations after electricity system reforms and variable renewable energy (VRE) installations in Japan. PHES plants have historically been developed to create electricity demand at night in order to operate base load power plants, such as nuclear power plants, in stable conditions. Therefore, many PHES plants are located midway between nuclear power plants and large demand areas. However, all nuclear power plants had to - at least temporarily - shut down after the Great East Japan Earthquake followed by a nuclear accident at Fukushima Daiichi in 2011, and renewable energy power plants have been deployed rapidly after the introduction of a feed-in-tariff (FIT) scheme. Therefore, PHES plants are being used to mitigate fluctuations of VRE, especially in areas where renewable energy has been significantly installed. The daily highest capacity ratio of PHES plants in Kyushu area has recorded three times higher than it in the other areas where the past operating mode is still conducted. But those operations on PHES plants are simply followed as a dispatch rule of the Organization for Cross- regional Coordination of Transmission Operators (OCCTO), market-based operations have not been conducted enough yet. The market design shall be changed to harmonize VRE installation and PHES plants’ operations are necessary to make the transition from the past operating mode of PHES plants across Japan.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used hourly generation data from large coal-fired power stations to determine how operations have been modified in recent years and describes the implications of these changes for plant equipment and unit reliability.
Abstract: Several factors have led to the decline of electricity generation from coal over the past decade, and projections forecast high rates of growth for wind and solar technologies in coming years. This analysis uses hourly generation data from large coal-fired power stations to determine how operations have been modified in recent years and describes the implications of these changes for plant equipment and unit reliability. The data shows increasing variability in intraday generation output that affects nearly all of the units in the sample, but the magnitude of increase varies widely among plants. Outage patterns were examined as was the relationship between renewable energy growth in a region and the changes in coal plant operations. Aggregate direct and indirect costs associated with running coal plants as load-following units have not yet been quantified in large-scale studies on a sector-wide basis, largely due to differences in how specific equipment responds to output fluctuations. Due to findings from the hourly generation data analysis and the high degree of potential impact on coal plant equipment, the study suggests the development of a new modeling tool that will represent the costs of running coal-fired power plants at lower capacity factors.