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Showing papers on "Base load power plant published in 2022"


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2022-Energy
TL;DR: In this paper, two tidal integration scenarios are defined for 2050: for each scenario, a 5-min interval generation profile is calculated using an oceanographic model of UK tides, and the medium-term variability is assessed.

10 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2022-e-Prime
TL;DR: In this paper , an operational energy management strategy is proposed for optimizing the charging of the TES tanks during off-peak demand periods and for controlling the discharging of the tanks for electricity generation during peak demand periods.
Abstract: Electricity markets are fast changing because of the increasing penetration of intermittent renewable generation, leading to a growing need for the flexible operation of power plants to provide regulation services to the grid. Previous studies have suggested that conventional power plants (e.g., nuclear) may benefit from the integration of thermal energy storage (TES), as this enables greater flexibility. In conventional Rankine-cycle power plants, steam can be extracted during off-peak periods to charge TES tanks filled with phase-change materials (PCMs); at a later time, when this is required and/or economically favourable, these tanks can feed secondary thermal power plants to generate power, for example, by acting as evaporators of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) plants. This solution offers greater flexibility than TES-only solutions that store thermal energy and then release this back to the base power plant, as it allows both derating and over-generation. The solution is applied here to a specific case study of a 670 MWel nuclear power plant in the UK, which is a typical baseload power plant not intended for flexible operation. It is found a maximum combined power of 822 MWel can be delivered during peak demand, which is 23% higher than the base plant's (nominal) rated power, and a maximum derating of 40%, i.e., down to 406 MWel during off-peak demand. An operational energy management strategy (EMS) is then proposed for optimising the charging of the TES tanks during off-peak demand periods and for controlling the discharging of the tanks for electricity generation during peak-demand periods. An economic analysis is performed to evaluate the potential benefits of this EMS. Profitability in the case study considered here can result when the average peak and off-peak electricity price variations are at least double those that occurred in the UK market in 2019 (with recent data now close to this), and when TES charge/discharge cycles are performed more than once per day with a discharge duration to the ORC plants longer than 2 h. When considering the most recent UK electricity prices in 2021 (to-date), the EMS investment cost for one 1-h charge and 1-h discharge cycle per day is 199 m£ with a total generation of 50 GWh per year and a levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) of 463 £/MWh. The investment cost drops significantly to 48 m£ when discharging for a longer duration of 8 h as the size of the ORC plants decrease. The projected LCOE also decreases to 159 £/MWh when doubling the total generated electricity (100 GWh/year) by employing two 8-h TES charge/discharge cycles per day. Importantly, it is found that the economics of the EMS are determined by a trade-off between longer discharge durations to the ORC plants that minimises their size and cost, and shorter charge/discharge durations that yield the highest spread between off-peak and peak electricity prices.

10 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors performed an assessment of the decarbonisation potential in utilizing industrial excess heat to meet the baseload heating requirements of a district heating network in Portugal.
Abstract: The paper performs an assessment of the decarbonisation potential in utilizing industrial excess heat to meet the baseload heating requirements of a district heating network in Portugal. The excess heat source considered was a municipal waste-to-energy plant located 5 km from a district heating and cooling network. It performed an economical comparison between two integration procedures: (i) extending the existing pipeline to the excess heat source; and (ii) using a continuous supply of portable thermal storage modules. For the excess heat characterization and tecno-economic assessment, the EMB3RS platform was used. The analysis demonstrated the pipeline alternative more economically feasible (with a levelized cost of heat of 17,25 €/MWh), meeting the baseload consumption with a decarbonisation reduction potential of 30%. The higher levelized cost of heat of the portable thermal storage solution is mainly due to the high daily replacement cost for the thermal stores.

9 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated the province-level feasibility of wind-photovoltaic-battery hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) for baseload supply application around China.

8 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , a linear optimization model based on multi-physics reservoir simulations was developed to capture the transient pressure and flow behaviors within a confined, engineered geothermal reservoir, and the investment decisions and hourly operations of a power plant exploiting such a reservoir against a set of historical and modeled future electricity price series.

8 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Kuljeet Singh1
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors proposed a time-of-use charging price mechanism for electric vehicles (EVs) to help achieve valley-filling in real-time dispatch of electricity grids.

7 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
27 Feb 2022-Energies
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors proposed real-time optimized dispatch strategies for automatic generation control (AGC) to utilize wind power and the storage capacity of electric vehicles for the active power balancing services of the grid.
Abstract: The modern power system is characterized by the massive integration of renewables, especially wind power. The intermittent nature of wind poses serious concerns for the system operator owing to the inaccuracies in wind power forecasting. Forecasting errors require more balancing power for maintaining frequency within the nominal range. These services are now offered through conventional power plants that not only increase the operational cost but also adversely affect the environment. The modern power system emphasizes the massive penetration of wind power that will replace conventional power plants and thereby impact the provision of system services from conventional power plants. Therefore, there is an emergent need to find new control and balancing solutions, such as regulation reserves from wind power plants and electric vehicles, without trading off their natural behaviors. This work proposes real-time optimized dispatch strategies for automatic generation control (AGC) to utilize wind power and the storage capacity of electric vehicles for the active power balancing services of the grid. The proposed dispatch strategies enable the AGC to appropriately allocate the regulating reserves from wind power plants and electric vehicles, considering their operational constraints. Simulations are performed in DIgSILENT software by developing a power system AGC model integrating the generating units and an EVA model. The inputs for generating units are considered by selecting a particular day of the year 2020, when wind power plants are generating high power. Different coordinated dispatch strategies are proposed for the AGC model to incorporate the reserve power from wind power plants and EVs. The performance of the proposed dispatch strategies is accessed and discussed by obtaining responses of the generating units and EVs during the AGC operation to counter the initial power imbalances in the network. The results reveal that integration of wind power and electric vehicles alongside thermal power plants can effectively reduce real-time power imbalances acquainted in power systems due to massive penetration of wind power that subsequently improves the power system security. Moreover, the proposed dispatch strategy reduces the operational cost of the system by allowing the conventional power plant to operate at their lower limits and therefore utilizes minimum reserves for the active power balancing services.

7 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
28 Jul 2022-Energies
TL;DR: In this article , the effects of increased penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) into the grid are investigated, and the new operation requirements including more dynamic load regimes, the provision for high occurrences of starts and stops, continuous and variant load cycling operations, extended partial loading or stand-by, and other conditions not foreseen under the classic baseload or cyclic operations.
Abstract: The ongoing energy transformation, which is fueled by environmentally cautious policies, demands a full synergy with existing back-up gas turbines (GTs). Renewable energy sources (RESs), such as wind and solar, are intermittent by nature and present large variations across the span of the day, seasons, and geographies. The gas turbine is seen as an essential part of the energy transition because of its superior operational flexibility over other non-renewable counterparts, such as hydro and nuclear. Besides the technical aspects, the latter are less popular due to controversies associated with safety, ecological, and social aspects. GTs can produce when required and with acceptable reaction times and load ranges. This allows a balance between the energy supply and demand in the grid, mitigating the variations in RESs. The increased cycling due to operational flexibility has adverse effects on GT components and the unit efficiency. The latter dictates how well GTs make use of the burned fuel and influence the emissions per energy unit. This paper investigates these aspects. First, it presents the effects of increased penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) into the grid. Second, it defines the new operation requirements including more dynamic load regimes, the provision for high occurrences of starts and stops, continuous and variant load cycling operations, extended partial loading or stand-by, and other conditions not foreseen under the classic baseload or cyclic operations. Finally, it proposes the overhauling of the present GT inspection and lifing criteria to meet the new role of GTs.

5 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented a pioneering approach for rigorous simulation of an actual cold section of an LNG plant and provided a potential process optimization to achieve a higher production rate (PR) while reducing the specific power consumption (SPC).
Abstract: The use of liquefied natural gas (LNG) has grown over the last decade owing to an increase in the global energy demand. This work presents a pioneering approach for rigorous simulation of an actual cold section of an LNG plant and provides a potential process optimization to achieve a higher production rate (PR) while reducing the specific power consumption (SPC). The concept of upfront nitrogen removal (UNrem) from the natural gas (NG) feed was introduced, and the impact on the PR and SPC was presented. We considered seven scenarios with varying percentages of UNrem and compared them with the conventional plant design (base case) while maintaining the product specifications (LNG high heating value [HHV] of 1105 Btu/Scf and NGL reid vapor pressure [RVP] of 2042 psia). The results show that UNrem of 87.5% from the NG feed can reduce the total power requirements by 0.24%, increase the production flow rate by 4.4%, and decrease the exergy losses by 0.23% compared with the base case. The UNrem can also have a significant improvement on the plant capacity without the need for structural modifications in the cold section. Future research should focus on the efficiency and feasibility of different UNrem processes as well as examine the use of a large‐scale system.

4 citations


Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2022
TL;DR: In this article , the flexibility of fossil-fired power plants is a key element for effective an increased utilization of renewable energy in the sectors power generation, district heating and process heat.
Abstract: The flexibility of fossil-fired power plants is a key element for effective an increased utilization of renewable energy in the sectors power generation, district heating and process heat. Fossil fired power plants are thermal power plants which are coal, oil or gas-fired. A major advantage of gas-fired power stations is its greater operating flexibility, compared with typically baseload designed coal units. In order to reach the vision of a net-zero CO2 emissions world, the expansion of renewable energies is being globally driven forward. The electricity production costs of renewable energies continue to fall because of the competition-oriented calls for tenders, subsidies and feed-in tariffs, and in some cases are already lower than those of conventional power plants. However, renewable energies, especially from solar and wind, shows time depend (seasonally, daily and hourly) flux variations, which does not enable a renewable system to provide energy according to the demand profile of specific users. The most important strategies to overcome this problem are the expansion of the electricity grid and the flexibility of thermal power plants.

4 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
11 Feb 2022-Energies
TL;DR: In this paper , a multi-energy coordinated operation framework was proposed for commercial virtual power plants (CVPP) by considering various load demands, including base load and peak shaving for the capacity allocation of CVPP based on the world's largest renewable energy resource base.
Abstract: Commercial virtual power plants (CVPP) connect the form of renewable energy resource portfolio to the power market and reduce the risk of the unstable operation of a single renewable energy. Combining different kinds of large-scale renewable energy in CVPP to provide capacity services like base load, peak shaving, and valley-filling, etc., for the system loads is an urgent problem to be solved. Therefore, it is valuable to analyze the capacity allocation ratio of the CVPP to maximize the utilization of all kinds of energy, especially for the large-scale multi-energy base. This paper proposed a multi-energy coordinated operation framework by considering various load demands, including base load and peak shaving for the capacity allocation of CVPP based on the world’s largest renewable energy resource base on the upstream area of the Yellow River. The main procedures of this framework are as follows: (1) A paratactic model satisfying base load and peak shaving is proposed to determine the ability of the CVPP operation model’s capacity services to meet the different demands of the power system load. (2) A hybrid dimension reduction algorithm with a better convergence rate and optimization effect solves the proposed paratactic model based on the ReliefF and the Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization (APSO). The results show that the large-scale CVPP with different compositions can achieve both of the goals of a stable base load output and stable residual load under different weather conditions. Compared with the operation on sunny days, the base load fluctuation and residual load fluctuation of CVPP on rainy days are reduced by 14.5% and 21.9%, respectively, proving that CVPP can alleviate renewable energy’s dependence on weather and improve energy utilization.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a case study for application of this Black Into Green (BIG) method for Iran and show that with international cooperation Iran could indefinitely meet its energy and freshwater needs by leveraging large-scale renewable energy harvesting systems integrated with seawater pumped storage hydropower, reverse osmosis desalination, and enhanced distribution systems.
Abstract: Environmental and socioeconomic challenges facing many hydrocarbon-rich nations could help them evolve from hydrocarbon-based (black) into renewables-based (green) economies. In this paper, we present a case study for application of this Black Into Green (BIG) method for Iran. We show that with international cooperation Iran could indefinitely meet its energy and freshwater needs by leveraging large-scale renewable energy harvesting systems integrated with seawater pumped storage hydropower, reverse osmosis desalination, and enhanced distribution systems. This BIG transition could be facilitated by allocating a significant portion of Iran’s potential hydrocarbon-based income to acquire, develop, and deploy renewable energy technology that utilizes Iran’s immense solar and wind energy potential. Our analysis shows that developing just 1% of identified sites would provide over 30 TWh of annual renewable electricity generation and storage, and 221 million m 3 /day of renewably-powered desalination capacity to meet the freshwater needs of over 85% of its population. In addition to providing renewable energy design and manufacturing technology, the international community could also work with Iran to help evolve its nuclear power program toward small modular reactors for baseload power generation. Such an arrangement would contribute to regional and global security, and greatly reduce the Middle East’s carbon emissions of which Iran is the largest emitter. Results from this holistic approach could then serve as a model for the world economy to work with other resource-rich nations to reduce their environmental impact while modernizing their economies and helping them achieve the socioeconomic goals outlined in the UN’s Brundtland report.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , a Lowest Tariff Load Shifting (LTLS) approach of DSM is suggested to flatten the load curve as desired by the utilities, which can delay the expansion of power system for short duration such as few months or years.
Abstract: Electrical energy is playing an important role in our day-to-day life. The burden on utility is increasing continuously due to huge utilization of electrical energy thereby utilities are suffering from peak shortage. The concept of demand side management can be applied to relieve the utilities from suffering peak load burden. In this paper, a Lowest Tariff Load Shifting (LTLS) approach of DSM is suggested to flatten the load curve as desired by the utilities. Residential and commercial loads are considered for validation of proposed algorithm. The use of DSM techniques can delay the expansion of power system for short duration such as few months or years. This paper produces a flatten load curve by applying LTLS technique of DSM and results demonstrates cost saving and peak load reduction in residential as well as commercial area.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , a minimum operation mode model was proposed to excavate the plant-level lower boundary of power load in coal power plants to reduce CO2 emissions and improve the consumption capacity of intermittent renewable energy.
Abstract: China aims to peak carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. The traditional coal power plants need to reduce theirs power load as much as possible to reduce CO2 emissions and improve the consumption capacity of intermittent renewable energy. Nevertheless, in part of northern China, areas with a high proportion of combined heat and power (CHP) units in coal power, CHP units need to provide heat load during heating season so that the flexibility of power load adjustment for CHP units is restricted. The plant minimum operation mode model is proposed to excavate the plant-level lower boundary of power load. By analysing the heat-power coupling mechanism of each unit, under different unit commitments, the plant-level lower boundary of power load can be calculated through dispatch heat load reasonably. Then the scheduling scheme of optimal unit commitment for plant is obtained. The comparison of results with the actual operation of a case CHP plant shows that the consumption capacity of renewable energy can be increased by 1.92 billion kWh and the CO2 emissions of the reference plant could be reduced by 52.5% under the scheduling scheme of optimal unit commitment during the heating season. The reduction of CO2 emissions for the scheduling scheme of optimal unit commitment will remain more carbon allowance which can bring revenue from carbon trade market. The scheduling of unit operation mode provides a way of operation under the current policy and environmental background, how to depress the power load of CHP plants and reduce CO2 emissions in heating season.

Journal ArticleDOI
14 May 2022-Energies
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors simulate the technoeconomic performance of a nuclear power plant, based on the Westinghouse lead-cooled fast reactor, coupled with molten salt thermal storage as a method for flexible energy dispatch and find that the coupled plant outperforms the base plant under markets where energy price peaks fluctuate by a factor of two or more about the mean price.
Abstract: Variable renewable energy availability has increased the volatility in energy prices in most markets. Nuclear power plants, with a large ratio of capital to variable costs, have historically operated as base load energy suppliers but the need for more flexible operation is increasing. We simulate the techno-economic performance of a 950 MWt nuclear power plant, based on the Westinghouse lead-cooled fast reactor, coupled with molten salt thermal storage as a method for flexible energy dispatch. We use the System Advisor Model to model the nuclear reactor thermal power input and power cycle operating modes. We combine this robust engineering model with a mixed-integer linear program model for optimized dispatch scheduling. We then simulate the coupled nuclear and thermal storage system under different market scenarios with varying price volatility. We find that the coupled plant outperforms the base plant under markets where energy price peaks fluctuate by a factor of two or more about the mean price. We show that a calculated power purchase agreement price for the plant improves by up to 10% when operating under California energy market conditions. Sensitivity analysis on the thermal storage cost shows that the optimal design remains unchanged even when doubling costs.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors presented a methodology to optimize a wind-solar-battery hybrid power plant down to the component level that is resilient against production disruptions and that can continually produce some minimum required power.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors have shown that the problem of ensuring the stability of operating modes of power systems is growed by the integration of powerful wind farms in power systems and that issues of stability are becoming relevant for both the powerful renewable energy sources themselves and their impact on the reliability of existing power plants operating in a compatible manner with these sources at the regional level.
Abstract: High growth of renewable energy sources in the energy system necessitate of balancing their variable power. The integration of the interconnected power grid of Ukraine into the pan-European energy system ENTSO-E provides for solution to the issue of increasing the flexibility of the Ukraine power grid and ensuring the stability of its operating modes. It is shown that the problem of ensuring the stability of operating modes of power systems is growed by the integration of powerful wind farms in power systems. In particular, issues of stability are becoming relevant for both the powerful renewable energy sources themselves and their impact on the stability of existing power plants operating in a compatible manner with these sources at the regional level. The simulations of electromechanical transients and the study of the power grid operating mode when the operation of the wind power plant changes has been carried out in the article. The issues of ensuring the oscillatory stability of the power system at the regional level and ensuring the reliability of power supply in an extreme case - with a sudden shutdown of the wind power plant are considered. The change in power in the main transmission lines and its reverse, the dependence of the voltage in the network, the angles of the rotors of the generators of the nearest power plants and their slippage are investigated in the work. References 14, figures 4, tables 3.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , the authors aim to add the biomass power to the 100% renewable energy system for Akita prefecture in the previous study, and to analyse the energy cost and availability of each facility.
Abstract: This study aims to add the biomass power to the 100% renewable energy system for Akita prefecture in the previous study, and to analyse the energy cost and availability of each facility. It was assumed that the onshore wind power potential would be installed, and the target area was decarbonized. The heat and transportation demand were supplied using renewable electricity and carbon free hydrogen. Hourly renewable energies and electricity demand were analysed, and the surplus electricity amount was estimated. As the electricity demand cannot meet renewable energy, the shortage was supplied by battery. Three scenarios were considered such as “no biomass” scenario that the biomass power was not installed, “supply shortage” scenario that the biomass power operated when the electricity demand could not meet other renewable energy, and “baseload” scenario that the biomass power operated stable. As a result, although installed biomass power capacity was much smaller than installed wind power, the biomass power reduced the required battery capacity and increased its availability. The energy costs of all demand sector in “baseload” scenario were smaller than “no biomass” scenario.


Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors present evidence that wind power plants are able to provide valuable ancillary services, even in critical situations of the power grid, and they describe a farm operation mode, designed to provide the grid operator with extended control access and extended frequency containment services.
Abstract: Along with the increasing penetration of power grids with renewable energy generation arises the necessity of support grid restoration processes with volatile power feed-in from distributed generation units. In this article, we present evidence that wind power plants are able to provide valuable ancillary services, even in critical situations of the power grid. Our approach is two-fold: We describe a farm operation mode, designed to provide the grid operator with extended control access and extended frequency containment services. Furthermore, we describe a procedure to generate forecasts for the next six hours of the available active power on-site the wind power plant, which utilizes the telecontrol interface of the farm control unit to deliver the forecasts to the grid operator, regardless of the availability of conventional communication infrastructure. We present the results of both a laboratory demonstration and a field testing of these technologies in a wind power plant with a total installed power of 51.9 MW and 22 wind turbines.

Journal ArticleDOI
19 Apr 2022-Energies
TL;DR: In this article , an LSTM model for estimating the total electric power demand of a residential community, its baseload, and its heating ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) power component, which represents a very large portion of a community electricity usage, is proposed.
Abstract: The forecast and estimation of total electric power demand of a residential community, its baseload, and its heating ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) power component, which represents a very large portion of a community electricity usage, are important enablers for optimal energy controls and utility planning. This paper proposes a method that employs machine learning in a multi-step integrated approach. An LSTM model for total electric power at the main circuit feeder is trained using historic multi-year hourly data, outdoor temperature, and solar irradiance. New key temperature indicators, TmHAVC, corresponding to the standby zero-power operation for HVAC systems for summer cooling and winter heating are introduced using a V-shaped hourly total load curve. The trained LTSM model is additionally run with TmHVAC and zero irradiance inputs yielding an estimated baseload, which is representative of typical occupancy patterns. The HVAC power component is disaggregated as the difference between total and baseload power. Total power forecasts of an aggregated residential community as seen by major distribution lines are experimentally validated with a satisfactory MAPE error below 10% based on a 4-year dataset from a representative suburban community with more than 1800 homes in Kentucky, U.S. Discussions regarding the validity of the separation method based on combined considerations of fundamental physics, statistics, and human behavior are also included.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Mar 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors review how geothermal installations are evolving beyond traditional hydrothermal wells and how they will include closed loop systems which seek to extract heat, and not hot water or steam, from the Earth.
Abstract: As renewables are forecast to take a larger and larger slice of the energy mix going forward, the upstream oil and gas industry needs to look at whether and how it can be involved with these new sources of energy in order to maintain its share of the energy mix. Providers of services and technology to the industry should be thinking about how they might be able to apply their skills and capabilities in other, adjacent industries and should begin to think of themselves as energy service companies and not oilfield service and oilfield equipment supply companies. As the world searches for and attempts to bring on alternative sources of energy, the "holy grail" is a renewable energy source that can provide 24/7 baseload power without releasing greenhouse gases. Wind and solar both have issues with intermittency and therefore with capacity, and will require additional storage capacity – for example, batteries – in order to be able to deliver baseload. More traditional energy sources suffer from significant greenhouse gas emissions. Geothermal is currently the only source of energy which has the potential to provide clean power at scale and in a way that can provide uninterrupted baseload for an electrical grid – without the requirement for storage and the unnecessary consumption of resources this would entail. Serendipitously, geothermal drilling also has many similarities with drilling for oil and gas. The paper will review how geothermal installations are evolving beyond traditional hydrothermal wells and how they will include closed loop systems which seek to extract heat, and not hot water or steam, from the Earth. This paper describes the various types of new geothermal systems that have been proposed with some commentary on what has been achieved to date. It identifies both similarities and differences between the various well types required for these "unconventional" geothermal systems and the many different challenges in terms of well design and construction that our industry has developed, and perfected over more than 100 years. The similarities that are identified can be thought of as near-term opportunities for the oil and gas drilling industry to apply its skills, technologies and people to this new and growing sector. The differences can be thought of as challenges that our industry will have to overcome in order to be a valuable part of the inevitable transition that will take place in the near future.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
15 Aug 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , a coordinated dispatching strategy for power grids with multiple-source and multi-domain is proposed, which incorporates battery energy storage and electric thermal storage control into the AGC control system.
Abstract: Clean energy power generation has randomness and volatility. In order to ensure the safe and stable operation of power grid, it is necessary to improve the flexible regulation ability of power grid, so as to improve the consumption ability of clean energy. This paper studies the relationship between power grid peak shaving margin, multi-source regulation limit and abandoning wind, nuclear and solar. In order to reduce the abandoned wind electricity and photovoltaic electricity, a coordinated dispatching strategy for power grids with multiple-source and multi-domain is proposed. This strategy incorporates battery energy storage and electric thermal storage control into the AGC control system. The power grid adopts different control strategies in different operation periods, so as to maximize the flexible regulation capacity. Based on the actual data of 3 typical operating days, this paper gives specific measures for power grid peak shaving in different control domains. The numerical results verify the role of electric thermal storage and battery energy storage in improving clean energy consumption. In addition, the actual operation results of this strategy in the power grid for 5 consecutive years show that the abandoned wind power rate of the Liaoning power grid has been continuously reduced. The abandoned wind power rate has dropped from 13% in 2016 to less than 1% for recent 3 consecutive years. The proposed control strategy has a significant effect on improving the power grid's ability to absorb clean energy.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , the optimal installed ratio of wind power and photovoltaic power in Shandong power grid from the perspective of electrical power balance, aiming at the highest fit between wind and PV power generation and load curve was analyzed.
Abstract: In recent years, we have witnessed the rapid growth of new energy sources in China, with the implementation of “carbon peak, carbon neutrality” and new power system, there is no doubt that the development of new energy will maintain a rapid growth rate. At the same time, in order to ensure the high-quality development of new energy, the planning of wind power and photovoltaic should be taken in advance. Taking Shandong Power Grid as an example, this paper analysed the optimal installed ratio of wind power and photovoltaic power in Shandong power grid from the perspective of electrical power balance, aiming at the highest fit between wind and photovoltaic power generation and load curve. The calculation results show that when the installed ratio of wind power and photovoltaic is 1.45:0.8 (about 1.8:1), the wind and photovoltaic power generation can fit the load curve most closely. Based on this, some suggestions are put forward to provide technical support for energy and electric power planning.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
25 Jan 2022
TL;DR: In this article , the influence of renewable energy connections with the grid is examined in various scenarios and settings, and the impacts of the dissimilar amount of PV active power penetration with diverse linear load conditions, for instance, unbalanced load and balance load conditions are investigated.
Abstract: At different times of the day, the output of photovoltaic (PV) panels varies. The impacts of the dissimilar amount of PV active power penetration with diverse linear load conditions, for instance, unbalanced load and balance load conditions have been investigated. Depending on the loads associated to changes in PV power generation, the grid's power factor (PF) may vary from leading to lagging or vice versa. The influence of renewable energy connections with the grid is examined in this research under various scenarios and settings. To investigate the power factor changes of the grid regarding variability in active power from the PV, several simulation scenarios are investigated. It was detected that during unstable load conditions, there is an increased unbalance in the real power penetration from the PV on the upstream at the point of common coupling. Finally, this work validates the need for an exhaustive study to be conducted while interfacing a PV solar farm where the load could be extremely unbalanced and inductive.

Journal ArticleDOI
04 Feb 2022-Energies
TL;DR: In this article , a generic PWR simulator was used to show the results of a basic design for a generic thermal power extraction system and tests were run using a set of procedures to show what happens when a nuclear power plant transitions from full electrical power dispatch to 15% and 50% thermal power dispatch.
Abstract: Nuclear power plants in the United States are increasingly challenged to compete in wholesale electricity markets due to the low electricity costs and increasingly dynamic grid conditions from competing generation sources. An alternative market for nuclear power is industrial facilities that can use the thermal and/or electrical power generated by a nuclear power plant to offset the economic losses incurred by electricity market challenges. A generic pressurized water reactor (PWR) simulator was used to show the results of a basic design for a generic thermal power extraction system and tests were run using a set of procedures to show what happens when a nuclear power plant transitions from full electrical power dispatch to 15% and 50% thermal power dispatch. This type of operation leads to losses in turbine performance efficiency due to the deviation from the design operating point, but because the thermal power is also used by the industry load without conversion losses, the combined thermal efficiency of the PWR increases. For the 15% case, the thermal efficiency increased from 32% to 41.9%, while for the 50% case, the efficiency increased up to 60.1%. In addition, for 50% thermal power dispatch, the power dissipated by the condenser decreased from approximately 2000 to approximately 1300 MW(thermal), indicating a substantially diminished impact on the environment in terms of releasing heat into the cooling water reservoir.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors carried out the dynamic stability level analysis of Northeast power grid from three aspects of source, network and load, studies the effective methods and measures to improve the damping ratio and robustness of main vibration modes between power grid regions, takes into account the scientificity, systematicness and scientificity of the measures, and provides reference for domestic and foreign related grid operation.
Abstract: Due to the rapid development of new energy such as nuclear power at the transmission end of Northeast power grid, the improvement of transmission capacity of Lugu UHVDC and the large-scale development of power base, the problem of dynamic stability of Northeast Power Grid has surfaced. Based on the reality of Northeast power grid, this paper deeply and carefully carries out the dynamic stability level analysis of Northeast power grid from three aspects of source, network and load, studies the effective methods and measures to improve the damping ratio and robustness of main vibration modes between power grid regions, takes into account the scientificity, systematicness and scientificity of the measures, and provides reference for domestic and foreign related grid operation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , a new energy grid source load interval coordination scheduling method is proposed to reduce the impact of load fluctuation brought by new energy interconnection, the operation cost of power grid is increased.
Abstract: In order to reduce the impact of load fluctuation brought by new energy interconnection, the operation cost of power grid is increased. Considering the characteristics of load fluctuation, this paper studies a new energy grid source load interval coordination scheduling method. Based on the characteristics of source load fluctuation and demand side load fluctuation of new energy grid, the dispatching principle is established. In this paper, the flexible operation region of new energy grid is calculated, and the target function of power grid source load interval is constructed. Numerical results show that the proposed method can improve the economy of energy storage unit and power system, and the comprehensive benefit is positive in different scenarios.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
07 Sep 2022
TL;DR: In this article , a high back-pressure cogeneration unit with its auxiliary turbine condenser and district heater was studied and analyzed based on established models of 660MW cogenerations unit using Ebsilon software.
Abstract: Presently exploring the peaking power capability potential of the existing cogeneration units has been regarded as one effective way to improve the grid power balance flexibility. Operation optimization technique of the high back-pressure cogeneration unit with its auxiliary turbine condenser and district heater is presented. Flexibility performance of the one example high back-pressure unit with auxiliary turbine condenser and district heater arrangement is studied and analyzed based on established models of 660MW cogeneration unit using Ebsilon software. The peaking power capability achieved and its economic influence on the unit is studied in detail for the different heating load conditions. Peaking electricity cost concept is introduced for comparing the opportunity cost incurred for realizing the peaking power capacity under each operation case. Three scenarios for five heating loads are analyzed. Taking Scenario I as the baseline condition, increasing the steam extraction flow for the auxiliary turbine in Scenario II can achieve moderate peaking power capacity of 12MW to 16MW, which is far less compared with capability achieved in Scenario III for heating load I. This peaking power capability is getting less with the increasing of the heating load as illustrated in various figures. The maximum peaking power capacity achieved is 63MW when the steam extraction flow to the district heater is 300t/h in Scenario III for heating load I, and this peaking power flexibility is further improved as the heating load gets higher. The peaking electricity cost is increased with the increasing steam extraction flow in various heating load conditions. It should be noted that the peaking electricity cost changing gradient is getting steeper with increasing of the steam extraction flow, which implies that careful consideration should be given to the high peaking electricity cost when significant peaking power capacity is expected for certain heating load.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
11 Oct 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , a supervisory system was implemented on the on-grid solar power plant system to regulate the power generated by the solar power plants so that it should not exceed the load consumption power but not reduce the productivity of the power plant itself.
Abstract: The implementation of a home-scale solar power plant is generally configured with an on-grid system. The on-grid solar power plant system has a disadvantage at certain times, the electrical energy generated by the solar power plant exceeds the load power consumption. This makes the electrical power generated by the solar power plant flow back to the kWh meter and is wasted. This phenomenon can be overcome by implementing a supervisory system on the on-grid solar power plant system. The supervisory system aims to regulate the solar power plant system so that it should not exceed the load consumption power but not reduce the productivity of the solar power plant system itself. Sampling data was recorded on 13–15 and 26–31 July 2022 (10 days) from sunrise to sunset. This system uses PZEM-004T sensor as a tool for load and solar power plant power monitoring. The supervisory system was successfully regulating the performance of the solar power plant to adjust the load power consumption. The energy generated by the solar power plant during the data retrieval process is 13,054 kWh. The average power generated by the solar power plant and the power supplied by PLN for 10 consecutive days is 104.96 Watts and 363.52 Watts. The data is obtained from the results of the supervisory system that successfully regulates the performance of solar power plant by regulating the activation of each Solar PV module using relay. The monitoring results of the supervisory system can be accessed via internet through the Thinger.io platform. The supervisory system can optimize the generation performance of the solar power plant system practically. Thus, the power is not wasted to the grid compared to the installation of export and import kWh meters.