Basket cell

About: Basket cell is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 427 publications have been published within this topic receiving 36209 citations. The topic is also known as: Basket cell.

Cerebellar Cortex: Cytology and Organization

Abstract: I. Introduction.- 1. A New Morphology.- 2. The Fiber Connections of the Cerebellar Cortex.- 3. The Design of the Cerebellar Cortex.- II. The Purkinje Cell.- 1. A Little History.- 2. The Soma of the Purkinje Cell.- 3. The Nucleus.- a) The Chromatin.- b) The Nucleolus.- 4. The Perikaryon of the Purkinje Cell.- a) The Nissl Substance.- b) The Agranular Reticulum.- c) The Hypolemmal Cisterna.- d) The Golgi Apparatus.- e) Lysosomes.- f) Mitochondria.- g) Microtubules and Neurofilaments.- 5. The Dendrites of the Purkinje Cell.- a) The Form of the Dendritic Arborization.- b) Dendritic Thorns.- High Voltage Electron Microscopy of Dendritic Thorns.- c) The Fine Structure of Dendrites and Thorns.- 6. The Purkinje Cell Axon.- a) The Initial Segment.- b) The Recurrent Collaterals.- c) The Terminal Formations of the Collaterals.- Synaptic Relations of the Recurrent Collaterals.- Purkinje Cell Axon Terminals in the Central Nuclei.- 7. The Neuroglial Sheath.- 8. Some Physiological Considerations.- 9. Summary of Intracortical Synaptic Connections of Purkinje Cells.- III. Granule Cells.- 1. The Granule Cell in the Optical Microscope.- a) Some Numerical Considerations.- 2. The Granule Cell in the Electron Microscope.- a) The Nucleus.- b) The Perikaryon.- c) The Dendrites of Granule Cells.- d) The Ascending Axons of Granule Cells.- e) Ectopic Granule Cells.- f) Parallel Fibers.- 3. Summary of Synaptic Connections of Granule Cells.- IV. The Golgi Cells.- 1. A Little History.- 2. The Large Golgi Cell.- a) The Form of the Large Golgi Cell.- b) The Fine Structure of Large Golgi Cells.- The Perikaryon of Large Golgi Cells.- The Dendrites of Large Golgi Cells.- The Axonal Plexus of the Goigi Cell.- 3. The Small Goigi Cell.- a) The Fine Structure of Small Goigi Cells.- b) The Synapse en marron.- c) The Dendrites and Axons.- 4. Summary of Synaptic Connections of Golgi Cells.- V. The Lugaro Cell.- 1. A Little History.- 2. The Lugaro Cell in the Light Microscope.- 3. Fine Structure of the Lugaro Cel.- 4. Summary of Synaptic Connections of Lugaro Cells.- VI. The Mossy Fibers.- 1. A Little History.- 2. The Mossy Fiber in the Light Microscope.- 3. The Glomerulus.- a) The History of a Concept.- b) The Fine Structure of the Glomerulus.- The Form of the Mossy Fiber Terminal.- The Core of the Mossy Fiber.- The Synaptic Vesicles.- The Granule Cell Dendrites.- The Golgi Cell Axonal Plexus.- The Protoplasmic Islet.- 4. The Identification of Different Kinds of Mossy Fibers.- 5. Summary of Intracortical Synaptic Connections of Mossy Fibers.- VII. The Basket Cell.- 1. A Little History.- 2. The Form of the Basket Cell and Its Processes.- a) The Dendrites.- b) The Axon and Its Collaterals.- 3. The Fine Structure of the Basket Cell.- a) The Perikaryon.- b) The Dendrites.- c) The Axon.- The Pericellular Basket.- The Pinceau.- The Neuroglial Sheath.- 213.- 4. Summary of Synaptic Connections of Basket Cells.- VIII. The Stellate Cell.- 1. A Little History.- 2. The Stellate Cell in the Light Microscope.- a) The Superficial Short Axon Cell.- b) The Deeper Long Axon Stellate Cell.- c) The Difference between Stellate and Basket Cells.- 3. The Fine Structure of the Stellate Cell.- a) The Cell Body.- The Cytoplasm.- b) The Dendrites.- c) The Axon.- 4. Some Physiological Considerations.- 5. Summary of Synaptic Connections of Stellate Cells.- IX. Functional Architectonics without Numbers.- 1. The Uses of Inhibition.- a) Basket Cells.- b) Stellate Cells.- c) Golgi Cells.- d) Purkinje Cells.- 2. The Shapes of Synaptic Vesicles.- 3. A Hitherto Unrecognized Fiber System.- 4. The Inhibitory Transmitter.- X. The Climbing Fiber.- 1. A Little History.- 2. The Climbing Fiber in the Optical Microscope.- a) The Immature Climbing Fiber Plexus.- 3. The Climbing Fiber in the Electron Microscope.- a) The Terminal Arborization in the Molecular Layer.- The Functional Significance of the Climbing Fiber Arborization.- The Advantages of Thorn Synapses.- Relationships with Basket and Stellate Cells.- b) The Climbing Fiber and Its Collaterals in the Granular Layer.- The Climbing Fiber Glomerulus.- The Climbing Fiber Synapse en marron.- The Tendril Collaterals in the Granular Layer.- c) The Fine Structure of Climbing Fiber Terminals and Their Synaptic Junction.- 4. The Connections of the Climbing Fiber.- 5. Some Functional Correlations.- 6. Summary of Intracortical Synaptic Connections of Climbing Fibers.- XI. The Neuroglial Cells of the Cerebellar Cortex.- 1. The Golgi Epithelial Cells.- a) A Little History.- b) The Golgi Epithelial Cell in the Optical Microscope.- c) The Golgi Epithelial Cell in the Electron Microscope.- The Perikaryal Processes.- The Bergmann Fibers.- The Subpial Terminals.- 2. The Velate Protoplasmic Astrocyte.- 3. The Smooth Protoplasmic Astrocyte.- 4. The Oligodendrogliocyte.- 5. The Microglia.- 6. Functional Correlations.- XII. Methods.- 1. Electron Microscopy.- a) Equipment for Perfusion of Adult Rats.- b) The Perfusion Procedure.- c) Equipment for the Dissection of Rat Brains for Electron Microscopy.- d) The Dissection Procedure.- e) The Postfixation of Tissue Slabs.- f) In-Block Staining, Dehydration, and Embedding.- g) Solutions and Other Formulas.- h) The Cutting of 1 urn Semithin Sections of Epon-Embedded Cerebellum.- i) Thin Sectioning.- j) The Staining of Thin Sections on Grids.- k) Electron Microscopy.- 2. The Golgi Methods.- a) Introduction.- b) Perfusion Solutions - Freshly Prepared.- c) Procedures for the Golgi Methods.- d) Dehydration and Infiltration of Slabs of Golgi-Impregnated Tissue for Embedding in Nitrocellulose.- 3. High Voltage Electron Microscopy.- a) Embedding and Sectioning of Golgi Material.- b) Counterstaining.- 4. Electron Microscopy of Freeze-Fractured Material.- References.

Presynaptically Located CB1 Cannabinoid Receptors Regulate GABA Release from Axon Terminals of Specific Hippocampal Interneurons

Abstract: To understand the functional significance and mechanisms of action in the CNS of endogenous and exogenous cannabinoids, it is crucial to identify the neural elements that serve as the structural substrate of these actions We used a recently developed antibody against the CB1 cannabinoid receptor to study this question in hippocampal networks Interneurons with features typical of basket cells showed a selective, intense staining for CB1 in all hippocampal subfields and layers Most of them (856%) contained cholecystokinin (CCK), which corresponded to 969% of all CCK-positive interneurons, whereas only 46% of the parvalbumin (PV)-containing basket cells expressed CB1 Accordingly, electron microscopy revealed that CB1-immunoreactive axon terminals of CCK-containing basket cells surrounded the somata and proximal dendrites of pyramidal neurons, whereas PV-positive basket cell terminals in similar locations were negative for CB1 The synthetic cannabinoid agonist WIN 55,212-2 (001–3 μm) reduced dose-dependently the electrical field stimulation-induced [ 3 H]GABA release from superfused hippocampal slices, with an EC 50 value of 0041 μm Inhibition of GABA release by WIN 55,212-2 was not mediated by inhibition of glutamatergic transmission because the WIN 55,212-2 effect was not reduced by the glutamate blockers AP5 and CNQX In contrast, the CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonist SR 141716A (1 μm) prevented this effect, whereas by itself it did not change the outflow of [ 3 H]GABA These results suggest that cannabinoid-mediated modulation of hippocampal interneuron networks operate largely via presynaptic receptors on CCK-immunoreactive basket cell terminals Reduction of GABA release from these terminals is the likely mechanism by which both endogenous and exogenous CB1 ligands interfere with hippocampal network oscillations and associated cognitive functions

Sharp wave-associated high-frequency oscillation (200 Hz) in the intact hippocampus: network and intracellular mechanisms

Abstract: Sharp wave bursts, induced by a cooperative discharge of CA3 pyramidal cells, are the most synchronous physiological pattern in the hippocampus. In conjunction with sharp wave bursts, CA1 pyramidal cells display a high-frequency (200 Hz) network oscillation (ripple). In the present study extracellular field and unit activity was recorded simultaneously from 16 closely spaces sites in the awake rat and the intracellular activity of CA1 pyramidal cells during the network oscillation was studied under anesthesia. Current source density analysis of the high-frequency oscillation revealed circumscribed sinks and sources in the vicinity of the pyramidal layer. Single pyramidal cells discharged at a low frequency but were phase locked to the negative peak of the locally derived field oscillation. Approximately 10% of the simultaneously recorded pyramidal cells fired during a given oscillatory event. Putative interneurons increased their discharge rates during the field ripples severalfold and often maintained a 200 Hz frequency during the oscillatory event. Under urethane and ketamine anesthesia the frequency of ripples was slower (100–120 Hz) than in the awake rat (180–200 Hz). Halothane anesthesia prevented the occurrence of high-frequency field oscillations in the CA1 region. Both the amplitude (1–4 mV) and phase of the intracellular ripple, but not its frequency, were voltage dependent. The amplitude of intracellular ripple was smallest between -70 and -80 mV. The phase of intracellular oscillation relative to the extracellular ripple reversed when the membrane was hyperpolarized more than -80 mV. A histologically verified CA1 basket cell increased its firing rate during the network oscillation and discharged at the frequency of the extracellular ripple. These findings indicate that the intracellularly recorded fast oscillatory rhythm is not solely dependent on membrane currents intrinsic to the CA1 pyramidal cells but it is a network driven phenomenon dependent upon the participation of inhibitory interneurons. We hypothesize that fast field oscillation (200 Hz) in the CA1 region reflects summed IPSPs in pyramidal cells as a result of high-frequency barrage of interneurons. The sharp wave associated synchronous discharge of pyramidal cells in the millisecond range can exert a powerful influence on retrohippocampal targets and may facilitate the transfer of transiently stored memory traces from the hippocampus to the entorhinal cortex.