Benthiocarb

About: Benthiocarb is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 140 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1254 citations. The topic is also known as: Thiobencarb & S-4-Chlorobenzyl diethylthiocarbamate.

Acute toxicity, bioconcentration, and persistence of AC 222,705, benthiocarb, chlorpyrifos, fenvalerate, methyl parathion, and permethrin in the estuarine environment.

Abstract: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry is published by the American Chemical Society. 1155 Sixteenth Street N.W., Washington, DC 20036 Acute toxicity, bioconcentration, and persistence of AC 222,705, benthiocarb, chlorpyrifos, fenvalerate, methyl parathion, and permethrin in the estuarine environment Steven C. Schimmel, Richard L. Garnas, James M. Patrick Jr., and James C. Moore J. Agric. Food Chem., 1983, 31 (1), 104-113• DOI: 10.1021/jf00115a027 • Publication Date (Web): 01 May 2002 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on April 14, 2009

Sulfoxidation of thiocarbamate herbicides and metabolism of thiocarbamate sulfoxides in living mice and liver enzyme systems

Abstract: The microsome-NADPH system of mouse liver oxidizes each of benthiocarb, butylate, cycloate, EPTC, molinate, pebulate, and vernolate herbicide chemicals to the corresponding thiocarbamate sulfoxide which is then cleaved by the liver soluble-glutathione system. These sulfoxides are also detected as transient metabolites in the liver of mice injected with EPTC, molinate, pebulate, and vernolate but not with the other three thiocarbamates. Thiocarbamate sulfones are not detected as metabolites of the thiocarbamates. Studies in vivo and in vitro with [14C]EPTC and -pebulate or their corresponding sulfoxides and/or sulfones further indicate that sulfoxidation is the initial metabolic step in cleavage of the thiocarbamate ester group. Sulfoxidation appears to be a detoxification mechanism for thiocarbamate herbicides in mammals.

Effects of bensulfuron-methyl and cinosulfuron on growth of four freshwater species of phytoplankton.

Abstract: The acute toxicity of sulfonylurea herbicides bensulfuron-methyl and cinosulfuron was tested on the five species of freshwater phytoplankton: Scenedesmus acutus, Scenedesmus subspicatus, Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorella saccharophila. Herbicide concentrations eliciting a 50% growth reduction over 96 h (EC50) ranged from 8 to 104 mg/l for cinosulfuron and from 0.015 to 6.2 mg/l for bensulfuron-methyl. The pesticides bensulfuron-methyl, atrazine and benthiocarb were more toxic than cinosulfuron, chlorsulfuron, molinate, fenitrothion and pyridaphenthion in a toxicity study with the same algal species. The transformation of effective concentrations of bensulfuron-methyl and cinosulfuron and other pesticides, obtained from toxicity measurements, into percent of the saturation level in water is used as a first evaluation of potential hazard to aquatic systems. The herbicides cinosulfuron, methyl-bensulfuron, atrazine and chlorsulfuron were more dangerous than the herbicides benthiocarb and molinate and than the insecticides fenitrothion and pyridaphenthion, in a study of hazard evaluation. The two species of Chlorella were more tolerant to both herbicides than the two species of Scenedesmus. A potential environmental hazard of sulfonylurea herbicides to aquatic systems has to be expected even at low environmental concentrations.

Pesticides in water and fish from rivers flowing into Lake Biwa

Abstract: Surveys of twelve herbicides were performed for water and fish samples obtained from seven rivers flowing into Lake Biwa from April in 1994 to March in 1996. Eleven herbicides were detected at high frequency for molinate, simazine, bromobutide, simetryne, benthiocarb, preti‐lachlor, oxadiazon and mefenaset but at low frequency for terbucarb, butachlor and CNP. Molinate, simetryne, benthiocarb, oxadiazon and mefenaset were detected in ayu sweetfish, pale chub and dark chub but not for simazine, butachlor, pretilachlor and CNP in spite of their detections in the river water. These are probably due to their low bioconcentration potential or temporary contamination. The bioconcentration factors (BCF) of molinate, benthiocarb, oxadiazon and simetryne in the three species of fish calculated from the field data were approximately consistent with the BCF values from the laboratory data on willow shiner or topmouth gudgeon. However, the difference of fish species should be considered for the evaluation of the fiel...