Showing papers on "Benzoic acid published in 1968"

Degradation of phenylalanine and tyrosine by Sporobolomyces roseus

Abstract: Ammonia-lyase activity for l-phenylalanine, m -hydroxyphenylalanine and l-tyrosine was demonstrated in cell-free extracts of Sporobolomyces roseus . Cultures of this organism converted dl-[ ring − 14 C]phenylalanine and l-[U− 14 C]tyrosine into the corresponding cinnamic acid. Tracer studies showed that these compounds were further metabolized to [ 14 C]protocatechuic acid. Benzoic acid and p -hydroxybenzoic acid were intermediates in this pathway. Washed cells of the organism readily utilized cinnamic acid, p -coumaric acid, caffeic acid, benzoic acid and p -hydroxybenzoic acid. Protocatechuic acid was the terminal aromatic compound formed during the metabolism of these compounds. The cells of S. roseus were able to convert m -coumaric acid into m -hydroxybenzoic acid, but the latter compound, which accumulated in the medium, was not further metabolized. 4-Hydroxycoumarin was identified as the product of o -coumaric acid metabolism by this organism.

Antifungal Properties of Cranberry Juice

Abstract: Cranberry juice exerts a significant in vitro antifungal effect on eight representative species of dermatophytes, whereas it has no apparent effect on Candida albicans. The antifungal effect is fungistatic. Benzoic acid or other small molecular weight components, or both, were responsible for the fungistatic action. Studies with C. albicans on the effect of pH alone and the effect of pH on the ionization of benzoic acid indicate that cranberry juice would exert an even more significant antifungal action if the pH were left at its native value of 2.8; not adjusted to 5.6. This would probably be due to pH and a larger amount of free benzoic acid. Further investigation suggested that benzoic acid loses some of its antifungal properties in cranberry juice at pH 5.6. This investigation suggests that the dermatophytes may have a higher sensitivity to benzoic acid or other small molecular weight components of cranberry juice, or to both.

The photolysis of benzil in cyclohexane solution

Abstract: Benzil has been irradiated in cyclohexane solution The principal products are: benzoic acid; benzal-dehyde; phenyl cyclohexyl ketone; benzoin; benzoin benzoate; a compound tentatively identified a

The transmission of polar effects. Part VI. The ionization of ortho-substituted benzoic acids

Abstract: The pKa values of a series of ortho-substituted benzoic acids in 50% ethanol–water have been determined. The effect of ortho-substitution on the ionization of benzoic acid in this and other solvent...

The separation of polar and steric effects. Part VIII. The influence of the solvent on the kinetics of the reactions of benzoic acid and meta- or para-substituted benzoic acid with diazodiphenylmethane

Abstract: Rate coefficients have been determined for the reactions at 30° of diazodiphenylmethane with benzoic acid and with m-XC6H4·CO2H (X = Me, Cl, or NO2) in methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol, propan-2-ol, 2-methylpropan-1-ol, 2-methylpropan-2-ol, 2-methylbutan-2-ol, 2-methoxyethanol, dioxan, ethyl acetate, acetone, dimethylformamide, or dimethyl sulphoxide. The reactions of benzoic acid and of m-chlorobenzoic acid in benzyl alcohol have also been studied. Log k0 and Hammett ρ values have been evaluated for the reactions in the fourteen solvents. For benzoic acid, rate coefficients have also been determined for this reaction in butan-1-ol, butan-2-ol, 2-n-butoxyethanol, diethyl oxalate, or chloroform. The reactions of p-chlorobenzoic acid with diazodiphenylmethane have also been studied in selected solvents. For many of the solvents, log k for the reaction of diazodiphenylmethane with benzoic acid may be correlated fairly well with dielectric constant by the expression log k= 0·98 – 2·60/(0·916 + 0·084Iµ) but the effect of specific interactions is usually discernible. These are believed to involve solvation of the carboxylic proton and of the transition state of the reaction. Specific interactions are most marked in dipolar aprotic solvents such as acetone, dimethylformamide, and dimethyl sulphoxide, but it is also relevant to consider them for alcohols. Limited multiple correlations of log k with pairs of solvent parameters are discussed.The Hammett ρ constant is correlated broadly with dielectric constant by the expression ρ= 0·60 + 2·40/(0·75 + 0·25Iµ), but again specific interactions are important.The rate coefficients for p-chlorobenzoic acid reacting with diazodiphenylmethane indicate a solvent dependence of the Hammett σ value for p-CI.Values for the ratio R, of the amount of diazodiphenylmethane consumed in esterification to the total consumed (esterification + etherification) are presented and discussed for the reactions with benzoic acid in a number of alcohols.

Rust-proofing composite solutions

Abstract: RUST-PROOFING AQUEOUS OR ALCOHOLIC COMPOSITE SOLUTIONS FOR APPLICATION TO METAL SURFACES CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF AN AMINE SALT OF A FATTY ACID, AN ALKALI METAL SALT OF BENZOIC ACID AND AN ALKANOLAMIDE.

Protein Bindings. I. Binding of 2-(4'-Hydroxyphenylazo) benzoic Acid to Bovine Serum Albumin

Abstract: Binding of anionic dye 2-(4'-hydroxyphenylazo) benzoic acid (HABA) to bovine serum albumin at pH 7.4 was studied spectrophotometrically. The relationship between albuminbound ratio of HABA and concentration of the unbound dye was expressed by a modified Langmuir-type equation involving a repulsing interaction. The binding becomes more difficult with the increasing bonds. The binding constant and the number of binding sites on albumin were evaluated in 0.05 M phosphate buffer solution and in 0.15 M tris. buffer solution at 25°and 37°.

Reactions of Lead Tetraacetate. I. Formation of Acylamines from Primary Carboxamides

Abstract: Pentanamide, when treated with lead tetraacetate in hot benzene, affords a mixture of N-butylacetamide and N,N?-dibutylurea. Examples of similar transformations of a number of primary carboxamides are described. The reaction, which may also be conducted in acetic acid or benzene-acetic acid mixture, is catalysed by pyridine. Cyclohexanecarboxamide, when oxidized by lead tetraacetate in the presence of propionic or benzoic acid, is converted into the appropriate acylcyclohexylamine. The reaction mechanism involves intermediate formation of alkyl isocyanate, possibly via Curtius rearrangement of acylnitrene.

Zur Metallion‐Komplexbildung fünfgliedriger α‐Carboxy‐Heterocyclen

Abstract: The stability constants of some 1:1 Me2+-complexes of the following five-membered heterocyclic carboxylic acids have been measured in 50 perc. aqueous dioxane (I = 0,1; t = 25°): thiophene-2- (I), 3-phenylisothiazole-5- (II), tetrahydrothiophene-2- (III), furan-2- (IV), pyrrole-2- (V), and tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid (VI) (table 1 and 2). A comparison of the stability constants of the Cu2+-complexes of acetic acid (VII), benzoic acid (VIII), m-chlorobenzoic acid (IX), p-nitrobenzoic acid (X), and chloroacetic acid (VI) shows that the heterocyclic S and O atoms coordinate with Cu2+, i.e. Cu2+ chelates (structure XII) are formed (Figure 1). NMR. spectra (Fig. 2) give evidence for the coordination of the «aromatic» S atom in the Cu2+ complexes of thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (I), i.e. at least a part of the complexes are chelates. The NMR. spectra of furan-2-carboxylic acid (IV) gave no unequivocal results; in the case of pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid (V) the interaction between Cu2+ and the NH-group is very small (Fig. 4), i.e. a simple carboxylic acid complex is formed.

Autoxidation of p-toluic acid catalyzed by cobalt bromide

Abstract: The liquid-phase autoxidation of p-xylene proceeds with comparative ease in the presence of cobalt or manganese salts at 100–130°C to p-toluic acid. The oxidation of p-xylene to terephthalic acid in high yield may be achieved by using the cobalt or manganese salt in combination with an inorganic bromide. The present study, which was directed towards the elucidation of the latter reaction, was confined to the second part of the reaction, namely, the oxidation of p-toluic acid catalyzed by cobalt bromide. The reaction was observed to occur in glacial acetic acid at 90°C in two well-defined stages each of which was investigated. The first stage involved catalysis by both cobalt and bromide and during this phase of the oxidation bromide was present in the ionic form. The rate was proportional to the [cobalt][bromide] and independent of the substrate concentration above a limiting value and of the oxygen pressure in the range 2–32 cm Hg. At the onset of the second stage of the reaction the bromide ion was absent and the reaction was catalyzed by cobalt salt and p-bromomethyl benzoic acid. The principal intermediate in both stages was terephthaldehydic acid. Initiation occurred by the formation of atomic bromine either by direct electron transfer between cobaltic and bromide ions or by reaction of hydroperoxides with Br– or HBr. The aldehydic intermediate and final acid were formed from peroxidic intermediates.

Circulatory effects of iothalamate compounds (Conray) and contrast media of the benzoic acid type.

Abstract: It is obvious that circulatory side effects may occur in connection with roentgen examinations involving parenterally administered contrast media. These may be due for example to changes in the elements formed in the blood (erythrocyte aggregation), to an influence on cardiac function, a direct action on the blood vessels, or an effect on the autonomic centers of the nervous system. These factors have for a number of years been investigated experimentally by the present authors (LINDGREN & TORNELL 1958, KAGSTROM, LINDGREN & TORNELL 1958, 1960, LINDGREN & SALTZMAN 1962, TORNELL 1963, LINDGREN, LOFSTROM & SALTZMAN 1964). One of the most consistent observations was the great difference in circulatory reactions between acetrizoate and diatrizoate preparations, the latter being much less pharmacologically active than the former, in spite of the fact that both are tri-iodo-benzoic acid derivatives. This difference has also been reported by numerous other investigators, and a surprisingly good correlation

Metabolism of Hydrocarbons in Microorganisms: Part I. Oxidation of p-Xylene and Toluene by Cell-Free Enzyme Preparations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Abstract: The crude extract obtained from Pseudomonas aeruginosa grown on xylene as sole carbon source converted p-xylene-methyl-14C or toluene-methyl-14C to p-toluic or benzoic acid, respectively However, addition of p-methylbenzyl or benzyl alcohol to the reaction mixture resulted in accumulation of p-methylbenzyl or benzyl alcohol This indicates that in the crude extract, p-xylene or toluene is metabolized via its corresponding alcohol to p-toluic or benzoic acid, respectively The enzyme system responsible for these reactions required NAD or NADH and FAD, and could be stabilized by the presence of glutathione When the crude extract was fractionated by the use of DEAE-cellulose chromatography, it was demonstrated that two distinct protein fractions and two cofactors (NADH and FAD) were required for the step of the hydroxylation of p-xylene or toluene to its corresponding alcohol NAD, NADP or NADPH had very few or little activity FMN partially replaced FAD

Substituted phenyl benzoic acid compounds

Abstract: The invention relates to substituted 5-(phenyl)benzoic acid esters and non-toxic pharmaceutically accepted salts thereof and processes for their preparation. The substituted 5-(phenyl)benzoic acids are useful as anti-inflammatory compounds. Also included are method of treating inflammation claims by administering these particular compounds to patients.

Studies on cow's urine. IV. Determination by gas-liquid chromatography of an acidic part obtained from cow's urine.

Abstract: An acidic part obtained from cow’s urine was examined by gas-liquid chromatography. As the major components of the acidic part, benzoic acid, phenylacetic acid, β-phenylpropionic acid, and derivatives in which hydroxyl or methoxyl groups are attached to, respectively, para-, ortho-, and 3,4-positions of the aromatic ring were identified. It is conceivable that these compounds were mainly metabolic products of the phenylalanine, tyrosine, and 3,4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine (DOPA). Moreover, a new metabolic pathway of phenylalanine and its derivatives was tentatively represented.

Thermal rearrangement of diphenyl carbonate

Abstract: The thermal degradation of diphenyl carbonate has been examined in the gas and condensed phases. From a detailed analysis of the products it is suggested that the mechanism involves an initial rearrangement to 2-phenoxy benzoic acid followed by several competing reactions of the acid. The effect of phase is discussed. The thermal behaviour of several compounds involved in the degradation scheme has also been investigated.

Studies on Absorption and Excretion of Drugs. IX. Relation between Chemical Structure and Absorption Rate. (1). Effects of the Number and the Position of OH-Groups on the Intestinal Absorption Rate of Benzoyl Derivatives

Abstract: The aqueous solutions of 24 benzoyl derivatives were perfused through the samll intestine of anesthetized rats. The absorption rate coefficient calculated from the slope of the straight line which was obtained from the logarithmic plots of the residual ratio vs. time was used for comparison of the intestinal absorption rates of these foreign organic compounds. In each series (benzoic acid-, benzaldehyde-, methyl benzoate-series), the absorption rate decreased as the number of hydroxyl groups increased. When comparing the monohydroxyl derivatives in each series, the o-isomer was absorbed faster than m- and p-isomers, but this was not true of methoxyl derivatives. From these facts, it is suggested that Danielli's model may be applied to the intestinal absorption of foreign organic compounds.

Metabolism of Hydrocarbons in Microorganisms

Abstract: The crude extract obtained from Pseudomonas aeruginosa grown on xylene as sole carbon source converted p-xylene-methyl-14C or toluene-methyl-14C to p-toluic or benzoic acid, respectively. However, addition of p-methylbenzyl or benzyl alcohol to the reaction mixture resulted in accumulation of p-methylbenzyl or benzyl alcohol. This indicates that in the crude extract, p-xylene or toluene is metabolized via its corresponding alcohol to p-toluic or benzoic acid, respectively. The enzyme system responsible for these reactions required NAD or NADH and FAD, and could be stabilized by the presence of glutathione. When the crude extract was fractionated by the use of DEAE-cellulose chromatography, it was demonstrated that two distinct protein fractions and two cofactors (NADH and FAD) were required for the step of the hydroxylation of p-xylene or toluene to its corresponding alcohol. NAD, NADP or NADPH had very few or little activity. FMN partially replaced FAD.

Intermediates for benzoic acid lactones

Abstract: NOVEL BENZOIC ACID KETONES AND HYDROXY KETONES WHICH ARE INTERMEDIATES OF BENZOIC ACID LACTONES USEFUL AS ESTRONGENIC AND ANABOLIC AGENTS.

Process for the production of 2-aryl-v-triazoles

Abstract: 1,215,507. 2 - Aryl - 1,2,3 - triazole derivatives. FARBENFABRIKEN BAYER A.G. 20 Aug., 1968 [23 Aug., 1967], No. 39821/68. Heading C2C. The invention comprises a process of preparing 2 - aryl - 1,2,3 - triazoles of the Formula VI where R is an optionally substituted aryl or arylene radical (which term covers tolane and stilbene radicals as well as diarylene-alkane radicals) or a 3-phthalimide radical, R 1 is an optionally substituted aryl or alkyl radical, or a nitro group, R 2 is H or an optionally substituted alkyl or aryl radical and n is 1 or 2 by cyclizing an α-oximino-aryl hydrazone of the Formula VIII or an O-acyl derivative thereof by heating in urea at a temperature of 100‹ to 210‹ C. Examples include compounds of the Formula VI where R is a carboxylic acid substituted aryl radical; a sulphonic acid substituted aryl radical where R 1 may be aryl substituted by an alkoxy group; an acylamino substituted aryl or alkaryl radical; an aryl or alkaryl radical where R 1 is NO 2 ; or a nitro substituted aryl radical. The preparation of certain compounds of the Formula VIII is described; α-oximinopropiophenone - (3 - sulphophenyl) - hydrazine from phenylhydrazine - 3 - sulphonic acid and α- oximinopropiophenone; the disodium salt of 4,41 - bis - (α - oximinoacetophenone - hydrazono)- 1,2 - diphenyl - ethane - 2,2 1 - disulphonic acid from 4,4 1 -dihydrazino - 1,2 - diphenyl - ethane- 2,2 1 - disulphonic acid, oximinoacetophenone and saturated sodium chloride solution; oximinoacetophenone - hydrazono - 4 - benzoic acid from 4 - hydrazino - benzoic acid hydrochloride and oximinoacetophenone; and oximinoacetophenone - hydrazono - 4 - phenylacetic acid from 4-hydrazinophenyl-acetic acid and oximinoacetophenone.