Showing papers on "Benzoic acid published in 1971"
176 citations
TL;DR: Rapid disappearance of toLUene from blood due to enhanced hepatic metabolism together with reduced sensitivity of central nervous system offer an explanation for the shortened sleeping time after toluene injection.
118 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the amounts of basic and reducing sites of calcium oxides prepared by heat-treating the hydroxide at various temperatures were measured, respectively, by titration with benzoic acid, using bromothymol blue, etc., as indicators and by observing ESR, spectra or visible reflectance spectra of adsorbed nitrobenzene or m-dinitron benzene.
109 citations
TL;DR: Experiments with anthranilic acid and phthalic acid suggest that dihydrodihydroxybenzoic acid is a metabolite unique to benzoic Acid metabolism, and two new methods for assaying benzoi acid dioxygenase are suggested.
Abstract: 3,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol-1-carboxylic acid (1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxy-benzoic acid) is converted enzymatically to catechol in cell extracts from Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, Azotobacter, and three Pseudomonas species. This enzymatic activity is present only in cultures which have been grown in the presence of benzoic acid, and which convert benzoic acid to catechol rather than to protocatechuic acid. The reaction is assayed by the concomitant formation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. The conversion of [(14)C]benzoic acid to [(14)C]dihydrodihydroxybenzoic acid is demonstrated in cell extracts. A scheme for the conversion of benzoic acid to catechol in bacteria is presented, involving the formation of dihydrodihydroxybenzoic acid from benzoic acid by a dioxygenase which is unstable in cell extracts, followed by the dehydrogenation and decarboxylation of dihydrodihydroxybenzoic acid to catechol by a previously undescribed enzyme. Experiments with anthranilic acid and phthalic acid suggest that dihydrodihydroxybenzoic acid is a metabolite unique to benzoic acid metabolism. Two new methods for assaying benzoic acid dioxygenase are suggested.
91 citations
TL;DR: The inhibitory principles of aqueous extracts of aspen leaves, acting upon mycorrhizal fungi of forest trees, were isolated by extraction with ethyl acetate and chromatography on silicic acid as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The inhibitory principles of aqueous extracts of aspen leaves, acting upon mycorrhizal fungi of forest trees, were isolated by extraction with ethyl acetate and chromatography on silicic acid. Two inhibitors were identified as benzoic acid and catechol by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. When added to a synthetic medium, these substances had a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of different Boletus-species and a weaker inhibitory effect on litter-decomposing Marasmius-species. When the fraction of the extract which was not soluble in ethyl acetate was included in the medium, the aromatic compounds still inhibited the mycorrhizal fungi while the growth of the litter-decomposers was stimulated.
61 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the possibility of preparing stereospecific polymers from monomers organized in a liquid crystalline medium was investigated and the tacticity of the polymers was studied by infrared and NMR spectroscopy.
Abstract: The possibility of preparing stereospecific polymers from monomers organized in a liquid crystalline medium was investigated. Methacryloyloxybenzoic Acid (I) was polymerized in a smectic and in a nematic mesophase. Cetyloxybenzoic acid (II) was used as the smectogen and heptyloxybenzoic acid (III) as the nematogen. The molar ratios of II and III to I were 1/1 or 1/0.5. All the materials were very carefully purified. The mesophase transition temperatures were determined with the usual techniques. Benzoyl peroxide was the polymerization initiator in the nematic phase and for the polymerization in the smectic state, thin films deposited on freshly cleaved mica plates were subjected to UV radiation. The tacticity of the polymers was studied by infrared and NMR spectroscopy. The carbonyl region showed two IR absorption bands, one at 1690 and the other at 1740 cm−1, the former predominant in the isotactic and the latter in the syndiotactic polymers. Tacticities were computed from NMR spectra of poly (m...
32 citations
TL;DR: The low-frequency Raman spectrum of a benzoic acid single crystal contains both lattice and hydrogen bond vibrations as mentioned in this paper, and the assignment of this spectrum is based on the assumption that there is no perturbation between lattices and hydrogen-bond vibrations.
30 citations
TL;DR: Yeasts belonging to 6 genera were isolated from sewage and tested for their ability to use 15 hydroxy derivatives of phenol and benzoic acid as carbon source, and there was no obvious relationship between the utilization of these compounds and the generic classification of the yeasts.
Abstract: Yeasts belonging to 6 genera were isolated from sewage and tested for their ability to use 15 hydroxy derivatives of phenol and benzoic acid as carbon source. The majority were able to produce colonies on at least 10 of the simple monophenol derivatives tested. Salicylic acid,p-hydroxybenzoic acid and gentisic acid were the most commonly used benzoic acid derivatives and resorcinol and phloroglucinol the most frequently metabolized phenols. However, there was no obvious relationship between the utilization of these compounds and the generic classification of the yeasts.
28 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the adsorption of benzoic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, and phenylacetic acid, on platinum electrode, has been studied by tracer techniques.
26 citations
TL;DR: Comparisons with mucosal and serosal fluids indicated that hippuric acid is formed in the tissue compartment rather than by bacterial or intestinal enzymes in the mucosal fluid, and Hippuric Acid is apparently formed enzymatically inthe mucosal cell according to a previously proposed cell compartment model.
Patent•
03 Sep 1971
TL;DR: The viscosity of unsaturated polyester resins formed by mixing the condensation polymers of uniboxylic acids and dihydric alcohols in ethylenically unsaturated copolymerizable monomers may be greatly increased by adding (1) a mixture of calcium oxide and either calcium hydroxide or magnesium oxide, and (2) an organic acid selected from the group consisting of benzoic acid, cyclohexane carboxylic acid, cinnamic acid and phydroxybenzoic acids as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The viscosity of unsaturated polyester resins formed by mixing the condensation polymers of unsaturated dicarboxylic acids and dihydric alcohols in ethylenically unsaturated copolymerizable monomers may be greatly increased by adding (1) a mixture of calcium oxide and either calcium hydroxide or magnesium oxide, and (2) an organic acid selected from the group consisting of benzoic acid, cyclohexane carboxylic acid, cinnamic acid and phydroxybenzoic acid to the unsaturated polyester resins. The viscosity of the composition is initially low enough so that fibrous reinforcements can be impregnated with the resin composition and the low viscosity permits the resin to wet the fibers, thereafter the viscosity of the resin increases and the fibrous reinforced mass loses its tackiness and can be easily stored and handled.
TL;DR: Gas-chromatographic analysis of volatile fatty acids in the urine of 52 chronic schizophrenics revealed 10 patients who excreted markedly elevated amounts of acetic acid on one or more occasions and three patients were shown to excrete large amounts of free benzoic acid and correspondingly reduced amounts of hippuric acid.
TL;DR: In this paper, the adsorption of benzoic acid from solutions of 10−2 to 10−5 M on gold electrode surface in perchlorate solutions of pH 1-4 was studied from differential capacity data obtained by a single pulse method.
Abstract: The adsorption of benzoic acid from solutions of 10−2 to 10−5 M on gold electrode surface in perchlorate solutions of pH 1–4 was studied from differential capacity data obtained by a single pulse method. Strong adsorption is observed in the more acidic solutions. This points to predominant adsorption of benzoic acid molecule, rather than benzoate anions, possibly due to the π-electron interaction. At pH 1, benzoic acid replaces four water molecules. This interprets the flat adsorption of benzoic acid molecule on the gold electrode and the π-electron interaction with free electron of the metal surface. The standard free energy of adsorption Δ\barG° is −10.4 kcal/mol.
TL;DR: Starke as mentioned in this paper showed that β-E25 resins have affinity for aromatic compounds, eg benzoic acid and m-chlorobenzoic acids, and showed that mainly the undissociated acids are involved.
Abstract: In the previous part of this series (Starke 21 [1969], 163) it has been shown that β-E25 resins have affinity for aromatic compounds, eg benzoic acid and m-chlorobenzoic acid Now it appears that mainly the undissociated acids are involved The isothermal inclusion of undissociated benzoic acid can be described by a Langmuir isotherm The isothermal inclusion of undissociated metachlorobenzoic acid follows no Langmuir equation However, this inclusion can be described by a Freundlich isotherm The kinetics of sorption of both acids are very complicated At least three kinetic mechanisms are probably involved
TL;DR: The results demonstrate the capability of glyoxysomes to metabolize aromatic amino acids in proplastids and microsomes and adds an entirely new aspect to the knowledge on metabolism in gly oxysomes.
Patent•
01 Oct 1971
TL;DR: In this paper, a 4-(H2N(CH2)n)-phenol is prepd. with the NH2 or OH gp, with a R1, R2-substd and X-CR3R4-COZ.
Abstract: Cpds. are of formula (I): (where R1 and R2 are H, halogen or lower alkoxy; R3 and R4 are H or lower alkyl; n = 1-3; Z is OH or lower alkoxy), and their salts. They may be prepd. by reacting a 4-(H2N(CH2)n)-phenol, opt. with the NH2 or OH gp. protected, with a R1, R2-substd. benzoic acid deriv. and X-CR3R4-COZ (where X is a reactive gp.) in either order.
TL;DR: In this article, measurements of the areas of the i.u.r. absorptions of the monomer and dimer carbonyl bands of benzoic acid and deuterobenzoic acids in CCl4 solution were made over a concentration range of 1 × 10−4−5 × 10 −4M and at temperatures of 25, 40 and 55°C.
TL;DR: The preparation of diethylindium thiobenzoate (I) is reported in this article, which is a monomer in benzene and its structure is suggested to be a thiol type with carbonyl chelation.
Patent•
09 Aug 1971
TL;DR: The Oxadiazoles of the invention may be made by reacting a benzhydrazide with phthalic anhydride to form a hydrazide which is cyclized by removal of the elements of water, using as a catalyst fuming sulfuric acid or dimethylformamide-sulfur trioxide complex as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Certain 2-(1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-yl) benzoic acids and salts and esters thereof, as well as certain 2-(2-oxazolyl) benzoic acids, salts and esters, having the formula: WHERE X is nitrogen or C-R'''' (R'''' being hydrogen or methyl), R is phenyl or various substituents, and R'' and the Y''s are hydrogen or various substituents (e.g., 2-(5-phenyl-1,3,4oxadiazole-2-yl) benzoic acid),are effective preemergence or postemergence herbicides, on various crops. The chemicals act selectively and are useful against purple nutsedge and in cranberry. Oxadiazoles of the invention may be made by reacting a benzhydrazide with phthalic anhydride to form a hydrazide which is cyclized by removal of the elements of water, using as a catalyst fuming sulfuric acid or dimethylformamide-sulfur trioxide complex.
TL;DR: In this article, thirteen volatile substances have been identified in cranberry cuticle wax by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry including α-terpineol, benzoic acid and benzyl benzoate.
TL;DR: No correlation was found between drug permeation, as expressed by the in vitro transfer-rate constant, and the molecular weight or volume of the compound, confirming the dominant role that solubility of the penetrating species plays in controlling permeation through this membrane system.
Patent•
29 Mar 1971TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a comparison of the effect of different levels of intrusion in the presence of pigs and flies, including 1 and 10 PARTS by the weight of a hornone-compound.
Abstract: 1. AN INSECTICIDE COMPOSITION USEFUL FOR COMBATTING APHIDS AND FLIES, COMPRISING AN INSECTICIDALLY EFFECTIVE AMOUNT OF BETWEEN 1 AND 10 PARTS BY WEIGHT OF A PYRETHRIN; AND AN AMOUNT, EFFECTIVE FOR ENHANCING THE INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY OF SAID PYRETHRIN, OF BETWEEN 1 AND 10 PARTS BY WEIGHT OF A HORMONE-COMPOUND SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF: 10,11-EPOXY-7-ETHYL-3,11-DIMETTHYL-TRIDECA-2,6-DIENOIC ACID MTHYL ESTER; 10,11-EPOXY-3-,7,11-TRIMETHYL-DODECA-2,6-DIENYL ETHYL ETHER; 10,11-EPOXY-3,7,11-TRIEMTHYL-DODECA-2,6-DIENOIC ACID ETHYL ESTER; 10,11-EPOXY-3,7,10,11-TETRAMETHYL-DODECA-2,6-DIENOIC ACID ETHYL ESTER; 10,11-EPOXY-3,7,11-TRIMETHYL-TRIDECA-2,6-DIENOIC ACID ETHYL ESTER; 6,7-EPOXY-3,7-DIMETHYL-TRIDECA-2,6-DIENOIC 10,11-EPOXY-7-ETHYL-3,7-DIMETHYL-TRIDECA-2,6-DIENOIC ACID ETHYL ESTER; (10,11-EPOXY-3,7,11-TRIMETHYL-2,6-DODECA-DIENYL)METHYLETHER; P-((4,5-EPOXY-1,5-DIMETHYLHEXYL)OXY)BENZOIC ACID METHYL ESTER; P((6,7-EPOXY-3,7-DIMETHYL-2-OCTENYL)OXY)BENZOIC ACID METHYL ESTER; 2-((2-PROPYNLOXY)METTHYL)-1,4-BENZODIOXANE; 6,7-EPOXY-3,7-DIMETHYL-2-OCTNENOIC ACID ALLYL ESTER; 1-((1,1-DIMETHYLALLYL)OXY)-6,7-EPOXY-3,7-DIMETHYL2-OCTENE; 6-(ALLYLOXY)-2,3-EPOXY-2-METHYLLHEPTANE; AND 1-(ALLYLOXY)-10,11-EPOXY-3,7,11-TRIMETHYL2,6-DODECADIENE.
TL;DR: In this paper, rate coefficients have been determined for the reactions at 30 °C of diazodiphenylmethane with benzoic acid in 10 alcohols so that, with earlier work, results are now available for this reaction in 20 alcohols of very varied structures.
Abstract: Rate coefficients have been determined for the reactions at 30 °C of diazodiphenylmethane with benzoic acid in 10 alcohols so that, with earlier work, results are now available for this reaction in 20 alcohols of very varied structures. The kinetic solvent effect can be interpreted in terms of the dielectric constant of the solvent and the influence of hydrogen bonding (solvent basicity or acidity). Multiple linear correlation of log k with the Kirkwood function of dielectric constant and the Taft σ* value for the alkyl group of the alcohol is highly successful (r= 0·983), but an additional parameter is necessary to express the rate enhancing effect of branching at the β-carbon atom of the alcohol. The most useful third parameter is nγH, the number of γ-hydrogen atoms in the alcohol molecule, giving r= 0·991.Apparent second-order rate coefficients have also been determined for the reactions at 37 °C of diazodiphenylmethane with benzoic acid in 22 aprotic solvents. Values determined for a range of initial concentrations of acid have been extrapolated to obtain values of k0, the rate coefficient at [acid]= 0. The effect of solvent on k0 can be interpreted in terms of the effect of the dielectric constant and the basicity of the solvent, but multiple linear correlation of log k0 with a suitable function of dielectric constant and a measure of solvent basicity (two are available) is only moderately successful (r=ca. 0·91). Attempts to improve the correlations by including the refractive index as a measure of ‘dynamic dielectric constant’ have met with little success. Detailed examination of the pattern of results suggests the relevance of other factors but at present these cannot be incorporated as additional parameters in the correlations.In both protic and aprotic solvents the specific role of the solvent is more important than its general electrostatic effect.
TL;DR: In this article, concerted fragmentations of intermediate aminonitrenes are proposed to explain the results of 3-aminobenzotriazin-4-ones with lead tetra-acetate.
Abstract: Oxidation of 3-aminobenzotriazin-4-ones with lead tetra-acetate proceeds by two simultaneous independent routes, which involve (a) the loss of one mol. of nitrogen to form indazolones and (b) the loss of two mol. of nitrogen to form benzocyclopropenones. The indazolones, which can be intercepted by dienes, react with nucleophiles without rearrangement of the carbonyl group. Benzocyclopropenones react with nucleophiles with rearrangement of the carbonyl group to give isomeric pairs of benzoic acid derivatives. Concerted fragmentations of intermediate aminonitrenes are proposed to explain these results. The mechanisms suggested are supported by an 15N-labelling experiment and by extended Huckel molecular orbital calculations.
TL;DR: In this article, the fluorescence intensity produced on reaction with benzoic acid in the presence of zinc amalgam was measured by measuring the intensity produced by the reaction with Z amalgam.