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Showing papers on "Benzoic acid published in 1985"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A simple method of predicting the dissolution rate of an acid or a salt at different pH values has been developed and good correlation was shown between the pHh = 0 values of benzoic acid estimated according to this method and the pHs reported in the literature.

137 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The minimum growth inhibitory concentration of benzoic and propionic acids and esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens) has been determined for Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans.

123 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Effects of sorbic and benzoic acids and SO2 on the growth and survival of 12 strains of yeasts, differing widely in their preservative resistance, were studied and reductions in growth rate and final yield were often not apparent.

99 citations


Patent
05 Jul 1985
TL;DR: The substituted benzoic acid heterocyclic amides and esters are serotonin M antagonists as mentioned in this paper and are compounds of the formula Iq ##STR1## wherein R 1, R 2, R 3, Z' and R 8'have various definitions.
Abstract: The substituted benzoic acid heterocyclic amides and esters are serotonin M antagonists. Included are compounds of the formula Iq ##STR1## wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , Z' and R 8 ' have various definitions.

95 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Feb 1985
TL;DR: In this article, the authors described a molecular-thermodynamic model for adsorption equilibria of a partially dissociated organic solute adsorbing onto activated carbon surfaces from dilute aqueous solution.
Abstract: The molecular-thermodynamic model described in Part I is extended to systems containing two or more solutes in aqueous solution. Calculated results are in good agreement with new experimental adsorption data for bisolute systems containing paranitrophenol/benzoic acid and aniline/benzoic acid. In Part I, we described a molecular-thermodynamic model for adsorption equilibria of a partially dissociated organic solute adsorbing onto activated carbon surfaces from dilute aqueous solution. In this work we extend that model to aqueous solutions containing two or more partially dissociated solutes.

78 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared the inhibitory potential of cinnamic acids and aldehydes for cellulose and hemicellulose digestion in mixed cultures of rumen microorganisms in vitro.
Abstract: The benzoic and cinnamic acids found in forages were tested for their inhibitory effects on digestion of cellulose and hemicellulose by mixed cultures of rumen microorganisms in vitro. Rate and extent of cellulose digestion with the addition of cinnamic acids were determined. The benzoic acids and aldehydes were also compared for their inhibitory potential. Of the benzoic acid derivatives, only the parent compound (benzoic acid) inhibited in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) of cellulose after 48 h, whereas most of the cinnamic acids were inhibitory. None of these compounds depressed IVDMD of hemicellulose. Extent of cellulose digestion was unaffected by cinnamic acids, but rate of digestion was significantly reduced. The ranking of compounds for inhibitory potential was essentially reversed between 48 and 168 h of fermentation as compared with the ranking for 0 to 48 h of fermentation. There were also shifts in the molar proportions of volatile fatty acids produced between these times. The rapid reduction in concentration of cinnamic acids by microbial fermentation may explain these shifts. Benzoic aldehydes were more inhibitory of structural carbohydrate fermentation than were acids. No clear relationship existed between addition of hydroxyl or methoxyl groups to benzoic or cinnamic acids and their depressing effects on IVDMD. Cinnamic acids, which are more abundant in forages, were more inhibitory than the benzoic acids; but for all compounds, it appeared that hemicellulolytic bacteria were generally more tolerant of these compounds than the cellulolytic bacteria.

55 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Models for dissolution of these weak acids into diprotic and triprotic buffering media are developed to predict the flux of the acid as a function of bulk solution pH and the physical and chemical properties of the buffer and acid.

50 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated alum and ferric sulfate for removing four low-molecular-weight organic compounds (C14-labeled octanoic acid, salicylic acid, phenol, and benzoic acid) from Mississippi River water and from water samples free of natural organic matter.
Abstract: In this study alum and ferric sulfate were evaluated for their effectiveness in removing four low-molecular-weight organic compounds- C14-labeled octanoic acid, salicylic acid, phenol, and benzoic acid- from Mississippi River water and from water samples free of natural organic matter. Removal of these model organic compounds ranged between 3 and 20 percent, which is similar to the removals observed for the < 1 K fraction of natural organic matter. Solution pH affected the removal of the aromatic compounds but not of octanoic acid. Except for benzoic acid, all the model compounds were removed better in the absence of natural organics.

45 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of sorbic acid, benzoic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acids is described.

43 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the visible and ESR spectra of copper(II) complexes with 2-(acetylamino)benzoic acid, 2-(benzoylamino), benzoic acids, 2-aminobenzanilide, 2(aminobenzoyl), maleanilic acid and malea-1-naphthalanilic acids have been tentatively assigned dimeric structures.

Patent
20 Nov 1985
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented a method to obtain a polymer having high stereospecificity, narrow particle size distribution and low catalyst residue content, by polymerizing an α-olefin in the presence of a catalyst having high and long-acting catalytic activity.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain a polymer having high stereospecificity, narrow particle size distribution and low catalyst residue content, by polymerizing an α-olefin in the presence of a catalyst having high and long-acting catalytic activity and composed of a specific solid catalyst component, an organic Al compound and an electron donative compound. CONSTITUTION: An α-olefin is polymerized in the presence of a catalyst composed of (A) a solid catalyst component produced by supporting an Mg compound of formula (R 1 and R 2 are 1W10C alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl; lis 0, 1 or 2) [e.g. Mg(-OCH 3 ) 2 , etc.] supported on an oxide of one or more elements selected from group IIWIV elements of the periodic table and/or a compound inorganic oxide containing one or more kinds of said oxides and contacting the resultant supported solid with an aromatic dicarboxylic acid diester and a halogenated Ti compound, (B) an organic Al compound (e.g. trimethylaluminum) and (C) electron donative compound (e.g. benzoic acid, benzoquinone, etc.). COPYRIGHT: (C)1987,JPO&Japio

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1985-Analyst
TL;DR: A simple and rapid spectrophotometric method based on the complexation of salicylic acid with copper(II) acetate to form a stable yellowish green complex based on Beer's law is obeyed over the range 0.2–4.0 mg ml–1 of salcylic acid and the complex is stable for 30 h.
Abstract: A simple and rapid spectrophotometric method for the determination of salicylic acid alone or in pharmaceutical preparations has been developed based on the complexation of salicylic acid with copper(II) acetate to form a stable yellowish green complex at pH 5.5–6. The yellowish green species has an absorption maximum at 730 nm with a molar absorptivity of 0.02 × 103 l mol–1 cm–1. Beer's law is obeyed over the range 0.2–4.0 mg ml–1 of salicylic acid and the complex is stable for 30 h. The precision of the method is 1.42%. Benzoic acid and boric acid interfere in the normal procedure but interference from boric acid can be removed by extraction with diethyl ether.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Cyclization of pyrrolidinocarboxamide derivative of 2-(1pyrrolyl) benzoic acid leads to an imminium salt which conduct to N-substituted 9-imino (and amino) 9H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles as mentioned in this paper.

Patent
Frederick Michael Teskin1
06 Aug 1985
TL;DR: Propylene polymers produced by high-activity support based coordination catalysts are effectively nucleated with benzoic acid and adipic acid, yielding molding resins of high clarity as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Propylene polymers produced by high-activity support based coordination catalysts are effectively nucleated with benzoic acid and adipic acid, yielding molding resins of high clarity.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Benzoate esters of dextran with varying degrees of substitution with limited susceptibility to undergo enzyme-mediated hydrolysis are synthesized and various chemical methods to attach drug compounds covalently to dextrans and the potential, therapeutic utility of the conjugates are discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A solid superacid, which was prepared by exposing Zr(OH)4 to 05 mol dm-3 H2SO4 followed by calcining in air at 650 °C, was catalytically active in the acylation of toluene with acetic and benzoic acids in a heterogeneous system as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A solid superacid, which was prepared by exposing Zr(OH)4 to 05 mol dm–3 H2SO4 followed by calcining in air at 650 °C, was catalytically active in the acylation of toluene with acetic and benzoic acids in a heterogeneous system; this catalyst was also active for the reaction using ethyl and methyl esters as the acylating reagent

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the conditions of the phosphorylation reaction for the preparation of aromatic polyamides using the Higashi reaction medium were investigated and the results showed that at temperatures of 120°C and above PPD-T precipitates from the reaction mixture, leading to lower molecular weights.
Abstract: We report a study of the conditions of the phosphorylation reaction for the preparation of aromatic polyamides using the Higashi reaction medium. For poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPD-T), the optimum conditions are: reaction temperature, 115°C; monomer concentration, C = 0.083 mol/L; and ratio of triphenyl phosphite (TPP) to monomer, 2.0. These optimum conditions produce PPD-T having ηinh = 6.2 dL/g. At temperatures of 120°C and above PPD-T precipitates from the reaction mixture, leading to lower molecular weights. At lower temperatures the reaction mixture gels, and the gel time decreases with increasing reaction temperature. However, polycondensation continues in the gel state. Monomer concentrations C = 0.10 mol/L and above produce precipitation and yield polyamides of lower molecular weight. For the preparation of poly(p-benzamide) (PBA), the optimum ratio of TPP to monomer is 0.6 for either p- aminobenzoic acid or N-4-(4′-aminobenzamido)benzoic acid. In the former case the inherent viscosity of polymer prepared at 115°C showed little dependence upon the concentration of the monomer. The highest value, ηinh = 1.8 dL/g, was obtained with C = 0.40 mol/L and a TPP/monomer ratio of 0.6. However, for the same TPP/monomer ratio, the monomer containing a preformed amide linkage, N-4-(4′-aminobenzamido)benzoic acid, gave PBA with ηinh = 4.6 dL/g when the monomer concentration is 0.33 mol/L. This is the highest value reported for PBA using the phosphorylation reaction. In A−A + B−B polycondensation, examples in which one of the monomers contained one or two preformed amide linkages produced polyamides having ηinh = 7.8 and 8.9 dL/g, respectively.

Journal ArticleDOI
D.J. Robeson1, D.R. Cook1
TL;DR: Benzoic acid and 3-methylthiopropionic acid, which are structurally dissimilar but which possess similar p K a s, expressed similar degrees of activity and both within and between the various carboxylic acids tested there was good correlation between level of activity expressed and pH of the treatment solution.
Abstract: A major component of cultures of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris grown on Watanabe broth was crystallized as colourless needles and identified as trans -3-methylthioacrylic acid. A second major component of the same culture filtrates was purified by high performance liquid chromatography and identified as 3-methylthiopropionic acid. Radiolabelling experiments with [ 14 C] and [ 35 S] methionine gave approximately equally high levels of incorporation of radioactivity into the two above acids. When the amount of methionine suppleid to cultures was increased or decreased above or below that of Watanabe broth, a corresponding change in levels of production of these acids resulted. Neither 3-methylthiopropionic acid nor trans -3-methylthioacrylic acid was detected in cultures when methionine was omitted from the medium. When, for example, the amino acids leucine and phenylalanine were substituted for methionine, other carboxylic acids including isovaleric and phynylacetic acids were detected in cultures of the bacteria. The various carboxylic acid biotransformation products of X. campestris pv. campestris were bioassayed against protoplasts and seedlings of cabbage. All compounds expressed only weak phytotoxicity when prepared in unbuffered media and phytotoxicity was effectively eliminated by supplying the compounds under test in buffered solution at pH 6·5. Benzoic acid and 3-methylthiopropionic acid, which are structurally dissimilar but which possess similar p K a s, expressed similar degrees of activity. Contrarily, both within and between the various carboxylic acids tested there was good correlation between level of activity expressed and pH of the treatment solution.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The 9,10-dicyanoanthracene-sensitized photooxygenation of biphenyl and its derivatives in the presence of Mg(ClO 4 ) 2 in acetonitrile brought about the oxidative cleavage of benzene nucleus to give benzoic acid as discussed by the authors.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a series of water-soluble derivatives of pyridylazoaminophenol have been synthesized; they were evaluated as highly sensitive chromogenic reagents for metals.
Abstract: A series of water-soluble derivatives of pyridylazoaminophenol and pyridylazoaminobenzoic acid have been synthesized; they were evaluated as highly sensitive chromogenic reagents for metals. 2-(5-Bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-(N-propyl-N-sulfopropylamino)phenol (5-Br-PAPS) and 2-(3, 5-dibromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-(N-ethyl-N-sulfopropylamino) benzoic acid (DSAB) were found to be highly sensitive reagents, the former for zinc(e=13.3×104 at 552nm) and uranyl (e=6.6×104 at 578nm), and the latter for cobalt(III) (e=15.2×104 at 670nm)and nickel (e=13.7×104at 620nm).

Patent
08 Jul 1985
Abstract: The application discloses certain benzoic acid compounds, the same being more adequately described as benzoic acid derivatives having a para substituent which is a substituted phenyl radical attached to the benzoic acid in the para position by any one of a variety of linking groups, representative compounds being p-(3,4-diisopropylphenylcarbamoyl) benzoic acid and p-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthylcarbamoyl)benzoic acid, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, method of treating therewith, method of diagnosis therewith, and method for the preparation thereof. The compounds and compositions are useful for diagnosis of leukemia types, the treatment of dermatological disorders, and as differentiation-inducing agents for neoplastic cells.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1985-Analyst
TL;DR: In this article, a study was made of organic interferences in the spectrophotometric determination of nitrite by the diazotisation-coupling technique using three composite reagents [sulphanilamide and N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine (NED); sulphanilic acid and NED; and 4-nitroaniline and nED].
Abstract: A study was made of organic interferences in the spectrophotometric determination of nitrite by the diazotisation-coupling technique using three composite reagents [sulphanilamide and N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine (NED); sulphanilic acid and NED; and 4-nitroaniline and NED]. Many organic substances interfere, usually causing low results. The interference is usually less with the 4-nitroaniline-NED and sulphanilamide-NED methods than with the sulphanilic acid-NED method. The interferents tested included aliphatic amines (primary, secondary and tertiary), aromatic amines (primary, secondary and tertiary), various phenolic compounds and miscellaneous organic compounds (sucrose, dextrose, lactic acid, succinic acid, acetamide, acetanilide, ethylenediamine tetraacetate, cholesterol, rennin, dodecyl sodium sulphate, acetophenone, urea, citric acid, caffeine, saccharin, morpholine, L-asparagine, gelatin, benzoic acid, formaldehyde, cinchonine, nicotinic acid, trypsin, creatine, starch, albumin, gum tragacanth, casein, formic acid, sorbic acid, ascorbic acid and acetaldehyde). The effect of detergents and soap was also examined. Large amounts of water-miscible solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetone and glycerin) can be tolerated. Water-immiscible solvents do not affect the colour.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) from Benzoic acid (BA), Salicylic Acid (SA), and P-Hydroxybenzoic Acid (PHBA) in silver sols were recorded and analyzed.
Abstract: We studied surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) from Benzoic Acid (BA), Salicylic Acid (SA) and P-Hydroxybenzoic Acid (PHBA) in silver sols. The enhanced Raman spectra are recorded and analyzed. The three molecules all contain vibration of ν(C-CO2-) and two of them (SA and PHBA) contain vibration of ν(C-OH), but located at different position. Making use of this situation, we analyzed the dependance of enhancement factor on the distance and orientation of the vibration dipoles relative to the surface and also compared with the pure electromagnetic model for SERS. An apparent discrepancy were revealed. The possible origins are disscussed. We also discussed the influence of coagulation of silver particles on the enhancement factors and pointed out the way for optimizing the enhancement in silver colloid.

Journal ArticleDOI
Gyu-Seung Shin1, Jong-Jean Kim1
TL;DR: In this paper, the SERS spectra were compared between aqueous and nonaqueous media, showing that the surface adsorbed SERS species seem to be the same, irrespective of whether the solvent is water or methanol.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, humic acid was titrated by sodium methoxide in dimethylsulfoxide using platinum-calomel electrode systems and the results for carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups were obtained by the nonaqueous titration method.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the structural compounds of humic substances extracted from soil were investigated by alkaline hydrolysis and alkaline KMnO4 oxidation; vanillin and vanillic and ferulic acids were found by the former method and benzoic acid by the latter.

Patent
07 Oct 1985
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that ethanol and t-butanol cannot be separated from each other by distillation because of the proximity of their boiling points, and that ethanol can be readily separated from tbutanol by using extractive distillation in which the extractive agent is a higher boiling oxygenated organic compound or a mixture of two or more of these.
Abstract: Ethanol and t-butanol cannot be separated from each other by distillation because of the proximity of their boiling points. Ethanol can be readily separated from t-butanol by using extractive distillation in which the extractive agent is a higher boiling oxygenated organic compound or a mixture of two or more of these. Typical examples of effective agents are: methyl benzoate; benzyl benzoate and benzoic acid; methyl salicylate, hexahydrophthalic anhydride and salicylic acid.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results of in vitro and in vivo studies showed a considerable decrease in the ability of the infected liver to detoxify benzoic acid by hippuric acid formation and this new pathway stops operating with further increase in parasitemia.
Abstract: The metabolism of benzoic acid was studied inPlasmodium berghei infected mice both in vitro and in vivo. Results of in vitro studies showed a considerable decrease in the ability of the infected liver to detoxify benzoic acid by hippuric acid formation. The in vivo study showed that hippuric acid formation decreases with increasing parasitemia and the emergence of benzoyl-glucoronide. This new pathway stops operating with further increase in parasitemia.