Benzoic acid

About: Benzoic acid is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 11832 publications have been published within this topic receiving 167127 citations. The topic is also known as: Retardex & E210.

Conversion of 13C‐1 phenol to 13C‐4 benzoate, an intermediate step in the anaerobic degradation of chlorophenols

Abstract: 13C-1 phenol was converted to 13C-4 benzoic acid by an anaerobic phenol converting enrichment, which did not form p-hydroxybenzoate as a free intermediate but converted p-hydroxybenzoate first phenol and then, probably by another organism, to benzoate. No isotopic effect was observed using D5- and D6-phenol, suggesting that the breakage of the C-H bond on the C-4 position was not a rate limiting step in the conversion.

Formation of hippuric acid from phenylalanine labelled with carbon-14 in phenylketonuric subjects.

Abstract: VARIOUS authors have recently demonstrated the formation of hippuric acid from endogenous benzoic acid in the mammalian organism. Fasting humans1 as well as humans and rats on a lactalbumin–carbohydrate diet2 excreted hippuric acid, and its formation in the intact rat could not be inhibited by sulphasuxidine2 or chloramphenicol3. Application of deuterium and phenylalanine labelled with carbon-14 resulted in labelled urinary hippuric acid2–4. In addition, when benzoic acid was isolated from the urine of human or rats fed benzoic acid, labelled with deuterium or carbon-14, the specific activity was about 20 per cent lower, indicating dilution by endogenous benzoic acid4,5. During the investigation of phenylalanine turnover in human phenylketonuria6, I had the opportunity of studying the formation of hippuric acid from phenylalanine. Phenylketonuric subjects are characterized by their inability to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine to any significant extent. This results in an accumulation of phenylalanine and its keto derivative, phenylpyruvic acid.

Effects of Temperature and Humidity on Foliar Absorption and Translocation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid and Benzoic Acid

Abstract: Little is known concerning the effect of humidity on the absorption of foliarly applied materials or their subsequent translocation. It is generally believed that the higher the humidity at any one temperature, the larger the amount of a foliarly applied material that penetrates the leaf per unit time. Most of the evidence for such an effect has been obtained indirectly. Koontz and Biddulph (16) found that the amount of phosphorus translocated from a given compound seemed to be related to the drying time of the solution on the leaf. By adding glycerine to the treatment solution, the translocation of P32 from an application of KH,PO4 solution was increased. Other workers have reported increased penetration of foliarly applied materials by additives which increase moisture retention. The recent review by Currier and Dybing (7) covers this work. It has been suggested that thin aqueous films on the leaf surface are important in promoting the absorption of nutrient sprays, the existence of the film depends upon the vapor pressure gradient at the leaf surface (4). In general, increasing temperature, within physiological limits, has been found to result in increased penetration. Rice (19) using red kidney bean plants studied the absorption of the ammonium salt of 2,4-D. He found that the amount absorbed was positively correlated with temperature over a three-level range of 46 to 580 F, 79 to 820 F and 86 to 920 F. Other workers using soybeans as the test plant found that with increasing temperature, there was an increase in the absorption of the sodium salt of 2,4-D (5,10). Barrier and Loomis (2) reported a temperature effect on the absorption of 2,4-D by soybean seedlings, but no effect upon the absorption of P32. Increased rates of absorption with increasing temperature have been reported for Co60 (9) and manganese (18). Known quantities of maleic hydrazide have been applied on several species of plants; the time course of absorption followed as it was affected by temperature and humidity (21). A variation in temperature at controlled humidities was found to have less effect on the absorption rate than a variation in humidity at controlled temperatures. Either an increase in