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Benzoic acid

About: Benzoic acid is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 11832 publications have been published within this topic receiving 167127 citations. The topic is also known as: Retardex & E210.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The reaction of the internal alkyne with alcohols 2 in the presence of a catalytic amount of Pd(PPh3)4 and benzoic acid in dioxane at 100°C gave the allylic ethers 3 in good to high yields as discussed by the authors.

161 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a photoreactor irradiated by a medium pressure Hg lamp was used for photo-oxidization of toluene to benzaldehyde, and a small amount of benzene, benzyl alcohol and traces of benzoic acid and phenol were also detected.

161 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the degradation of toluene was carried out both in gas-solid and in liquid-solid regime by using polycrystalline samples of TiO2 Merck and Tetradecyldimethylamino-oxide.
Abstract: Photocatalytic degradation of toluene was carried out both in gas–solid and in liquid–solid regime by using polycrystalline samples of TiO2 Merck and TiO2 Degussa P25. For the gas–solid regime two types of continuous photoreactor were used, a fixed bed one of cylindrical shape and a Carberry type photoreactor, both irradiated by near-UV light. The inlet reacting mixture consisted of air containing toluene and water vapours. The influence of the gas flow rate and the presence of water vapour on the photocatalytic process was investigated. CO2 and benzaldehyde were the toluene degradation products detected in the gas phase by using TiO2 Merck. In the presence of water vapour this catalyst exhibited a stable activity, which greatly decreased in the absence of water vapour. On the contrary, TiO2 Degussa P25 produced CO2 and traces of benzaldehyde but it continuously deactivated even in the presence of water vapour. For the liquid–solid regime a batch photoreactor with immersed lamp was used. In order to increase the reaction rate, a zwitterionic surfactant, i.e. tetradecyldimethylamino-oxide, was added to the reacting mixture. A complete photo-oxidation of toluene was achieved after few hours of irradiation in the presence of both types of photocatalysts; longer irradiation times produced the photodegradation of surfactant. The main intermediates of toluene degradation were p-cresol and benzaldehyde while traces of pyrogallol and benzyl alcohol were also found. Benzoic acid, hydroquinone and trans, trans-muconic acid were detected only with TiO2 Merck. The reaction rate was higher in the presence of the surfactant suggesting that this compound acts as a sequestration agent. An FTIR study gave information on the role played by superficial hydroxyl groups both on the onset of activity and on the deactivation process. On the basis of photoreactivity results and of FTIR investigation the differences of activity and distribution and nature of toluene degradation products are critically discussed for the three reacting systems used.

161 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, five Cu(II)/benzoate/4,4‘-bipy complexes were synthesized through hydrothermal reaction of copper(II) nitrate, benzoic acid, and 4,4'bipyridine under different pH conditions, showing the marked sensitivity of the structural chemistry of the aromatic carboxylate ligand to synthesis conditions.
Abstract: Five Cu(II)/benzoate/4,4‘-bipy complexes, namely, [Cu(H2O)(benzoate)2(4,4‘-bipy)2](benzoic acid)2·(4,4‘-bipy) (1), [Cu2(H2O)2(benzoate)4(4,4‘-bipy)3]·(H2O)9 (2), [Cu2(benzoate)4(4,4‘-bipy)3] (3), [Cu3(H2O)4(benzoate)6(4,4‘-bipy)4.5]·(4,4‘-bipy)·(H2O)5 (4), and [Cu3(OH)2(H2O)2(benzoate)4(4,4‘-bipy)2] (5) (4,4‘-bipy = 4,4‘-bipyridine), have been synthesized through hydrothermal reaction of copper(II) nitrate, benzoic acid, and 4,4‘-bipyridine under different pH conditions. The diverse product structures show the marked sensitivity of the structural chemistry of the aromatic carboxylate ligand to synthesis conditions. Complex 1, which exhibits a zero-dimensional (0D) structure of mononuclear copper(II), is formed at pH = 5.5. At pH = 6.0, dimeric copper(II) complexes of 2 and 3 are formed. Reaction at pH = 7 leads to a one-dimensional (1D) structure of 4. A further increase of the pH to 8.0 results in a two-dimensional (2D) structure of 5. Crystal data are monoclinic, space group P2/n, a = 13.992(4) A, b = 5...

160 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A multiple regression procedure for calculating the four partial solubility parameters of drug solutes was developed and the correlation between the calculated and observed solubilities of benzoic acid was increased by use of the four-parameter system.

160 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023207
2022519
2021217
2020279
2019315
2018332