scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Topic

Benzoic acid

About: Benzoic acid is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 11832 publications have been published within this topic receiving 167127 citations. The topic is also known as: Retardex & E210.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: As a naturally occurring tyrosinase inhibitor, 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamamic acid may be useful as new agents to inhibit the oxidation of L-3,4, dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) by mushroom tyrosine.
Abstract: The inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase by Pulsatilla cernua root-derived materials was evaluated. The bioactive components of Pulsatilla cernua root were characterized by spectroscopic analyses as 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid, which exhibited potent antityrosinase activity. The ID50 values of 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid were 0.97 and 0.33 mM, respectively. The compounds isolated from Pulsatilla cernua roots exhibited noncompetitive inhibition against oxidation of L-DOPA by mushroom tyrosinase. This activity was compared with that of three cinnamic acid derivatives and four well-known tyrosinase inhibitors. The ID50 of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid exhibited superior activity relative to anisaldehyde, anisic acid, benzoic acid, benzaldehyde, cinnamic acid, and cinnamaldehyde; but antityrosinase inhibitors and cinnamic acid derivatives, except for cinnamyl alcohol, were slightly more effective than 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid. In the ca...

151 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the degradation of phenol and benzoic acid in aqueous solution using zinc oxide powder synthesized by sol-gel process was studied using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy.
Abstract: Photocatalytic degradation of phenol and benzoic acid in aqueous solution was studied using zinc oxide (ZnO) powder synthesized by sol–gel process. Synthesized catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area, pHpzc, and the band gap of the catalyst samples were also measured. The influence of various key parameters such as amount of photocatalyst, initial solution pH, and the initial concentration of phenol and benzoic acid was investigated.

150 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
08 Mar 2017-PLOS ONE
TL;DR: The risks from benzene will be lower from e-cigarettes than from conventional cigarettes, however, ambient benzene air concentrations in the U.S. have typically been 1 μg/m3, so that benzene has been named the largest single known cancer-risk air toxic in the United States.
Abstract: Background/Objective The heating of the fluids used in electronic cigarettes (“e-cigarettes”) used to create “vaping” aerosols is capable of causing a wide range of degradation reaction products. We investigated formation of benzene (an important human carcinogen) from e-cigarette fluids containing propylene glycol (PG), glycerol (GL), benzoic acid, the flavor chemical benzaldehyde, and nicotine. Methods/Main results Three e-cigarette devices were used: the JUULTM “pod” system (provides no user accessible settings other than flavor cartridge choice), and two refill tank systems that allowed a range of user accessible power settings. Benzene in the e-cigarette aerosols was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Benzene formation was ND (not detected) in the JUUL system. In the two tank systems benzene was found to form from propylene glycol (PG) and glycerol (GL), and from the additives benzoic acid and benzaldehyde, especially at high power settings. With 50:50 PG+GL, for tank device 1 at 6W and 13W, the formed benzene concentrations were 1.9 and 750 μg/m3. For tank device 2, at 6W and 25W, the formed concentrations were ND and 1.8 μg/m3. With benzoic acid and benzaldehyde at ~10 mg/mL, for tank device 1, values at 13W were as high as 5000 μg/m3. For tank device 2 at 25W, all values were ≤~100 μg/m3. These values may be compared with what can be expected in a conventional (tobacco) cigarette, namely 200,000 μg/m3. Thus, the risks from benzene will be lower from e-cigarettes than from conventional cigarettes. However, ambient benzene air concentrations in the U.S. have typically been 1 μg/m3, so that benzene has been named the largest single known cancer-risk air toxic in the U.S. For non-smokers, chronically repeated exposure to benzene from e-cigarettes at levels such as 100 or higher μg/m3 will not be of negligible risk.

150 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The findings suggest that the role of temperature in the persulfate-based treatment systems is not limited only to controlling the rates of sulfate and hydroxyl radical generation, and could be important to the transformation of a number of organic contaminants.

149 citations


Network Information
Related Topics (5)
Aqueous solution
189.5K papers, 3.4M citations
89% related
Alkyl
223.5K papers, 2M citations
87% related
Reagent
60K papers, 1.2M citations
86% related
Ligand
67.7K papers, 1.3M citations
85% related
Molecule
52.4K papers, 1.2M citations
84% related
Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023207
2022519
2021217
2020279
2019315
2018332