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BET theory
About: BET theory is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 9046 publications have been published within this topic receiving 286142 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, self-assembled mesoporous TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were used for direct conversion of carbohydrates into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from carbohydrates.
Abstract: Energy efficient and sustainable process for the production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from carbohydrates is highly demanding. Here, direct conversion of carbohydrates into HMF has been investigated over self-assembled mesoporous TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) catalyst. Monosachharides d -fructose and d -glucose, disaccharides sucrose, maltose, cellobiose were successfully converted into HMF with variable yields in both aqueous and organic mediums under microwave-assisted heating conditions. The effects of solvent polarity, microwave absorbing ability, catalyst loading, reaction time, and substrate variations on the HMF yields have been studied. Pyridine-IR and NH3-TPD analyses confirmed the presence of Lewis acidic sites, whereas N2 sorption analysis revealed high BET surface area for the self-assembled mesoporous TiO2 nanomaterials synthesized by using sodium salicylate as template. High surface area, Lewis acidity and uniform nanosphere-like particle morphology are responsible for high catalytic activity in the dehydration of carbohydrate substrates over this mesoporous TiO2 nanomaterial, whereas commercially available TiO2 is almost inactive for this dehydration reaction under similar conditions. The higher microwave energy absorbing ability (tan δ) of the DMSO and NMP resulted in higher HMF yield in organic solvents than water. Catalyst life-time analysis suggested that mesoporous TiO2 NPs catalysts can be recycled for four catalytic cycles without appreciable loss of its catalytic activity.
125 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported the synthesis of activated carbon from macadamia nut endocarp using ZnCl 2 as activating reagent by microwave-assisted pyrolysis.
125 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, mesoporous silica nanoparticles with a spherical morphology have been synthesized from rice husk by a simple, template-free synthetic approach, which was carried out via sol-gel technique at ambient condition.
Abstract: Mesoporous silica nanoparticles with a spherical morphology have been synthesized from rice husk (agricultural biomass) by a simple, template-free synthetic approach, which was carried out via sol–gel technique at ambient condition. Transmission electron micrographs revealed the formation of spherical silica nanoparticles with an average diameter of 50.9 nm. From the nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis, the rice husk silica shows a high specific BET surface area of 245 m2 g−1. The silica nanoparticles have a narrow pore size distribution of 5.6–9.6 nm.
125 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, high surface area SnO 2 sensor materials were systematically synthesized by a surfactant incorporating method, and the results showed that a linear relationship exists between sensor surface area and its sensitivity to H 2.
125 citations
TL;DR: Thermodynamic study indicated that the adsorption was a spontaneous and endothermic process, and the final pH values at equilibrium after advertisersorption were lower than the initial pH value, indicating that the ion-exchange process was involved in the adsOrption.
125 citations