Topic
Biasing
About: Biasing is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 29422 publications have been published within this topic receiving 301035 citations.
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TL;DR: Current-induced local heating effects in single molecules covalently bound to two electrodes by measuring the force required to break the molecule-electrode bonds under various conditions are studied.
Abstract: We have studied the current-induced local heating effects in single molecules covalently bound to two electrodes by measuring the force required to break the molecule-electrode bonds under various conditions. The breakdown process is thermally activated, which is used to extract the effective temperature of the molecular junction as a function of applied bias voltage. We have also performed first-principles calculations of both local heating and current-induced force effects, and the results are in good agreement with the experimental findings.
228 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a phase shift of 165/spl deg/ was obtained at 2.4 GHz, with an insertion loss below 3 dB by using a bias voltage of 250 V. This was achieved by using sol-gel technique to produce barium modified strontium titanium oxide [Ba/sub 1-x/Sr/sub x/TiO/sub 3/], which has ferroelectric properties at room temperature.
Abstract: Ferroelectric materials (FEM's) are very attractive because their dielectric constant can be modulated under the effect of an externally applied electric field perpendicular to the direction of propagation of a microwave signal. FEM may be particularly useful for the development of a new family of planar phase shifters which operate up to X-band. The use of FEM in the microwave frequency range has been limited in the past due to the high losses of these materials; tan /spl delta/=0.3 at 3 GHz is typical for commercial BaTiO/sub 3/ (BTO) and due to the high electric field necessary to bias the structure in order to obtain substantial dielectric constant change. In this paper, a significant reduction in material losses is demonstrated. This is achieved by using a new sol-gel technique to produce barium modified strontium titanium oxide [Ba/sub 1-x/Sr/sub x/TiO/sub 3/ (BST)], which has ferroelectric properties at room temperature. Also demonstrated is how the use of thin ceramics reduces the required bias voltage below 250 V, with almost no power consumption required to induce a change in the dielectric constant. A phase shift of 165/spl deg/ was obtained at 2.4 GHz, with an insertion loss below 3 dB by using a bias voltage of 250 V. Due to the planar geometry and light weight of the device, it can be fully integrated in planar microwave structures.
220 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a transition-edge superconducting bolometer for detecting infrared and millimeter waves is presented, which operates on the Tc∼95 mK transition of a tungsten film with a thermal conductance of G∼1.2×10−9 W/K.
Abstract: We present a theoretical analysis and experimental evaluation of a transition‐edge superconducting bolometer for detecting infrared and millimeter waves. The superconducting film is voltage biased and the current is read by a superconducting quantum interference device ammeter. Strong electrothermal feedback maintains the sensor temperature within the transition, gives a current responsivity that is simply the inverse of the bias voltage, and reduces the response time by several orders of magnitude below the intrinsic time constant C/G. We evaluated a voltage‐biased bolometer that operates on the Tc∼95 mK transition of a tungsten film with a thermal conductance of G∼1.2×10−9 W/K. As expected, the electrical noise equivalent power of 3.3×10−17/W√Hz is close to the thermal fluctuation noise limit and is lower than that of other technologies for these values of G and temperature. The measured time constant of 10 μs is ∼100 times faster than the intrinsic time constant.
217 citations
IBM1
TL;DR: In this paper, the current flow in the scanning tunnelling microscope was studied in the instance of an adsorbed atom on each electrode, with one electrode corresponding to the tip, and the other to the sample.
Abstract: We discuss first the current flow in the scanning tunnelling microscope./1/ The vacuum tunnelling current between two planar metallic electrodes with a small bias voltage between them was studied in the instance in which there is an adsorbed atom on each electrode, with one electrode corresponding to the tip, and the other to the sample (a surface with a chemisorbed atom)./2/ The tip and the sample are thus treated on an equal footing.
214 citations
TL;DR: A spin-OLED with ferromagnetic electrodes that acts as a bipolar organic spin valve (OSV) based on a deuterated derivative of poly(phenylene-vinylene) with small hyperfine interaction is designed, fabricated, and studied, which provides a pathway for organic displays controlled by external magnetic fields.
Abstract: The spin-polarized organic light-emitting diode (spin-OLED) has been a long-sought device within the field of organic spintronics. We designed, fabricated, and studied a spin-OLED with ferromagnetic electrodes that acts as a bipolar organic spin valve (OSV), based on a deuterated derivative of poly(phenylene-vinylene) with small hyperfine interaction. In the double-injection limit, the device shows ~1% spin valve magneto-electroluminescence (MEL) response, which follows the ferromagnetic electrode coercive fields and originates from the bipolar spin-polarized space charge–limited current. In stark contrast to the response properties of homopolar OSV devices, the MEL response in the double-injection device is practically independent of bias voltage, and its temperature dependence follows that of the ferromagnetic electrode magnetization. Our findings provide a pathway for organic displays controlled by external magnetic fields.
214 citations