Showing papers on "Bidding published in 1968"
TL;DR: In this paper, a class of unbalanced bidding problems appropriate for unit price proposals is defined, and several models for optimal unbalancing of a bid are constructed using a linear programming formulation.
Abstract: A class of unbalanced bidding problems appropriate for unit price proposals is indentified. Using the present worth of future revenue as an objective, several models are constructed for optimal unbalancing of a bid. A linear programming formulation is found to emerge in a natural way. The implications of unbalanced bidding to both the bidder and the sponsor are considered.
39 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a procedure for deciding the mix of price and variable non-price features, such as quality, delivery, service or financing, to be included in a bid is outlined.
Abstract: A procedure is outlined for deciding the mix of price and variable non-price features, such as quality, delivery, service or financing, to be included in a bid. The level of each non-price feature is set independently by comparing incremental spending against the alternative price reduction and basing the choice on value to the faction in the customer organization expected to dominate in the choice of the successful bid. Divergence from competition on all non-price features, both fixed and variable, is then taken into account in setting price by calculating a net price equivalent of feature differences as against each competitor. For any given markup the probability of success against a competitor over whom there is a net advantage is the same as that for an equivalently lower markup were price to be the sole basis for allocating the order.
24 citations
8 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a management game is developed which allows participants to schedule and load work under the constraint of a fixed work load capacity. But the game requires a trade-off between the security of a commitment to a relatively full work load against the potential for more lucrative work opportunities that would otherwise have to be ignored.
Abstract: Simulation exercises permit participants to make sequences of decisions and observe their effects in a dynamic and competitive setting. An exercise (management game) has been developed which will permit participants to schedule and load work under the constraint of a fixed work load capacity. The decisions must be made in a probabilistic environment, both in regard to the likelihood of securing a job, and the likelihood that subsequent work opportunities may permit greater or lesser earning opportunities. Through the game mechanism, the participant is introduced to the requirement of making decisions under conditions of uncertainty and he is able to develop and test both intuitive and quantitative decision models. This particular exercise requires a trade-off between the security of a commitment to a relatively full work load against the potential for more lucrative work opportunities that would otherwise have to be ignored.
5 citations
3 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed that a set of prices for space at the airports and on aircraft that will cause both kinds of space to be used more efficiently, based on competitive bidding.
2 citations
1 citations
Book•
01 Oct 1968
TL;DR: In this paper, the structural steel building frame construction is covered, including preparation for bidding, planning the erection scheme, selecting the proper tools and equipment, actual setting of steel members, costs, and production.
Abstract: Covers all aspects of the erection of structural steel building frames, including preparation for bidding, planning the erection scheme, selecting the proper tools and equipment, the actual setting of steel members, costs, and production. Stresses the need for cooperation between the contractor, architect, and the structural engineer, thus permitting visualization of possible pitfalls. Suggested forms are provided for gathering and reporting progress and costs on actual construction.
1 citations