Showing papers on "Binary system published in 1984"
TL;DR: In this paper, local composition models were used to test a newly proposed predictive equation based on local compositions for liquid mixture viscosities and densities, and the results of these studies indicate that the local composition model predictions are generally as good for multicomponent systems as they are for the corresponding binaries.
Abstract: Liquid mixture viscosities and densities have been measured at 298.15 K and ambient pressure for 20 ternary systems. Twelve ternary compositions, encompassing the entire composition range, have been chosen for each system in an effort to test a newly proposed predictive equation based on local compositions. Viscosities calculated by using the local composition model agreed with the experimental data within an average absolute deviation of 6.4%. No adjustable parameters were used and only binary interactions in the form of NRTL constants were input. The results of these studies indicate that the local composition model predictions are generally as good for multicomponent systems as they are for the corresponding binaries. 24 references, 3 tables.
95 citations
TL;DR: Investigations of various lidocaine-prilocaine ratios indicate that the two local anesthetics decrease the solubility of each other, however, the totalsolubility is affected only to a minor extent.
89 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the high pressure fluid phase behavior of binary mixtures of octacosane and CO/sub 2/ was experimentally investigated and the solubility data were obtained by two different experimental techniques.
Abstract: The high-pressure fluid phase behavior of binary mixtures of octacosane and CO/sub 2/ is experimentally investigated. Solubilities of octacosane in supercritical CO/sub 2/ and mixture molar volumes are determined for isotherms of 34.7, 45.4, 50.2, and 52.0/sup 0/C over a range of pressures from 80 to 325 atm. The solubility data are obtained by two different experimental techniques. The pressure-temperature projection of the two branches of the three-phase solid-liquid-gas freezing point depression curve is also determined. The octacosane-CO/sub 2/ LCEP is determined as 32.2/sup 0/ C and 72.6 atm. The UCEP, which is at a pressure greater than 650 atm, could not be determined due to the pressure limitation of the experimental apparatus. Phase diagram constructions are used qualitatively to explain the observed phase behavior and to provide information on the expected phase behavior of the octacosane-CO/sub 2/ system at pressures higher than those experimentally investigated.
74 citations
TL;DR: The phase diagram of the binary paraffin system C23H48 and C24H50 was determined by calorimetric and x-ray diffraction methods as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The phase diagram of the binary paraffin system C23H48–C24H50 was determined by calorimetric and x‐ray diffraction methods The present experimental results and previous work on pure C23H48 and C24H50 paraffins allow us to identify all the phases of the binary system The composition and temperature dependences of the lattice parameters were also investigated
70 citations
68 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the temperature of the nematic transition in p-quaterphenyl and p-sexiphenyl was determined from differential scanning calorimetry measurements carried out on the pure compounds and their binary mixtures.
Abstract: Temperatures of the nematic → isotropic (TNI) and smectic-A → nematic (TSN) transitions in p-quaterphenyl, p-quinquephenyl and p-sexiphenyl have been determined from differential scanning calorimetry measurements carried out on the pure compounds and their binary mixtures. Both transitions are located below the melting point (Tf) of pure p-quaterphenyl; for p-quinquephenyl TSN lies a few degrees below the crystal–nematic (TKN) transition. The transition temperature TNI= 565 °C found for p-sexiphenyl, although slightly higher than the value reported by Lewis and Barr, is confirmatory of their observations; it is much lower than was predicted by Flory and Ronca. The low density of p-sexiphenyl has been identified as a major factor responsible for this disparity between the previous theoretical calculations and experimental results. The densities of the fluids have been determined and thermal expansivities have been estimated. At TNI the densities of p-quinquephenyl and p-sexiphenyl, 0.905 and 0.81 g cm–3, respectively, are quite low. Biphasic equilibria in the binary mixtures have been observed as functions of composition and the complete phase diagrams have been delineated.
58 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compare different indices de refraction de melanges and compare them selon l'equation de calcul, sur l'exemple de binaires benzene, bromobenzene, acetophenone, DM50, eau, etc.
Abstract: Regles de calcul des indices de refraction de melanges. Comparaison des ecarts selon l'equation de calcul, sur l'exemple de binaires benzene, bromobenzene, acetophenone, DM50, eau, etc…
58 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the density of binary mixtures of 1-propanol and water at 5, 15, and 25°C was measured using an equilibrium mixture model, in which an alcohol-water solution was regarded as an ideal associated mixture.
Abstract: This paper reports on equipment for the automatic measurement of the density of binary mixtures as a function of concentration. The equipment is applied to mixtures of 1-propanol and water at 5, 15, and 25°C. An equilibrium mixture model, in which an alcohol-water solution is regarded as an ideal associated mixture, is fitted to the experimental data. Thermodynamic parameters characterizing the association of water to nonpolar alkyl groups (hydrophobic solvation) and to polar hydroxyl groups (hydrophilic solvation) are estimated.
57 citations
TL;DR: In this article, three main effects are responsible for the observed trends: pair-wise interactions between both solutes in the monomeric form, a distribution of the reference solute between the aqueous and micellar phases and a shift in the Monomer-micelle equilibrium in the vicinity of the other solute.
Abstract: Mixed micelles can be formed in water between various pairs of hydrophobic solutes such as surfactants, alcohols and hydrocarbons. These systems can often be studied through the thermodynamic functions of transfer of one of the solutes, usually kept near infinite dilution, from water to an aqueous solution of the other solute. When mixed micelles are formed, these functions change significantly, and often go through extrema, in the region where the binary system micellizes or undergoes some microphase transition.Three main effects are responsible for the observed trends: pair-wise interactions between both solutes in the monomeric form, a distribution of the reference solute between the aqueous and micellar phases and a shift in the monomer-micelle equilibrium in the vicinity of the reference solute. Simple equations can be derived for these three effects which can account for the sign and magnitude of the observed trends using parameters which are derived for the most part from the two binary systems.
50 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the two binary W-C and Ti-C systems were analyzed in thermodynamic terms by using a thermodynamic model which allows for the use of sublattices.
Abstract: The two binary W-C and Ti-C systems were analysed in thermodynamic terms by using a thermodynamic model which allows for the use of sublattices. Those carbides, which show some variation in their Me/C-ratios, such as the TiC-carbide were treated as solution phases using this model. As a result of this analysis the two binary W-C and Ti-C phase diagrams could be calculated. By combining these results with the analysis of the Ti-W system presented by Murray (1) a number of isothermal sections of the ternary Ti-W-C system were calculated. These are in close agreement with the experimental data according to Rudy et al (2).
46 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a correlation between predicted and experimental A values is developed at atmospheric pressure, taking into account data present in the literature and experimental values obtained at the Department of Energy of Ancona University, using the steadystate hot-wire method.
Abstract: A correlation presented in previous papers for the prediction of organic liquid thermal conductivity, λ, is generalized in order to estimate the thermal conductivity of the binary mixtures of organic liquids. The proposed equation contains the reduced temperature, the molar fractions, and two factors characteristic of the components. The comparison between predicted and experimental A values is developed at atmospheric pressure, taking into account data present in the literature and experimental values obtained at the Department of Energy of Ancona University, using the steady-state hot-wire method. Fifty binary mixtures are considered (28 of them are investigated by the authors at 25 and 50°C), and the mean general deviation between predicted and experimental thermal conductivity values (621 data points) is 2.5%.
01 Sep 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the Peng-Robinson equation of state with temperature dependent pure component parameters a and b and two binary interaction parameters to represent the fluid phase equilibria in binary systems with n-eicosane, n-hexacosane and n-tetracontane.
Abstract: Vapour-liquid equilibria in binary systems of ethylene with n-eicosane, n-hexacosane and n-tetracontane have been measured in the temperature range 325 to 450 K and at pressures up to 40 MPa. The results show a distinct influence of the molecular weight of the n-alkanes on these equilibria especially in the critical region. Except for the critical region the fluid phase equilibria in this kind of systems can be represented reasonably well using the Peng-Robinson equation of state with temperature dependent pure component parameters a and b and two binary interaction parameters.
TL;DR: In this paper, the excess molar enthalpy H m E has been determined as a function of mole fraction x at atmospheric pressure and 298.15 K for 9 binary liquid mixtures of an (n -alkanol + 2,5-dioxahexane).
01 Sep 1984
TL;DR: In this article, an expression for the Gibbs energy of binary fluid mixtures is derived and used to define the thermodynamic conditions of phase equilibrium, and these conditions are solved numerically for the equilibrium concentrations.
Abstract: By integrating an equation of state, an expression for the Gibbs energy of binary fluid mixtures is derived and used to define the thermodynamic conditions of phase equilibrium. These conditions are solved numerically for the equilibrium concentrations. The same equation of state is used for liquid and vapour phases. From additional solid density data and the sublimation/melting pressure, solid-liquid and solid-gas equilibria can be calculated, provided that no miscibility occurs in the solid state. - Calculations of phase equilibria have been carried out for several binary mixtures of nonpolar substances (noble gases, CO2 hydrocarbons) for pressures up to 200 MPa, using the Redlich-Kwong equation and our own equation of state, which has been published earlier [1]. - The Redlich-Kwong equation represents the experimental phase equilibrium data at low pressures only, whereas the other equation achieves good agreement over the whole pressure range. I f the molecules differ very much in size, deviations from one-fluid theory can be accounted for by using the Leland-Mansoori-Carnahan-Starling function for rigid sphere mixtures in the repulsion term of our equation of state.
TL;DR: In this paper, the standard molar Gibbs free energies of formation of Mg 2 SiO 4 (s) and MgSiO 3 (l) from SiO 2 and mgO(s) at 1973 K were determined to be −(55.7 ± 0.5) kJ · mol −1 and −(35.5 ± 0
TL;DR: In this article, the space densities and galactic z-distributions of novae, recurrent novae and symbiotic stars are determined and discussed in the context of earlier determinations, and the data are then compared with the distributions of single and binary stars of possibly related types.
Abstract: Space densities and galactic z-distributions of novae, recurrent novae, dwarf novae and symbiotic stars are newly determined and discussed in the context of earlier determinations. The data are then compared with the distributions of single and binary stars of possibly related types (late type giants, Mira variables, Algol systems, W UMa systems).
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured the excess molar enthalpies of five binary systems formed by mixing n-octane with n-hexane, 2-methylpentane, 3-methyl pentane and 2,2-dimethylbutane.
TL;DR: In this article, the temperature dependence of the intensities of the (00l) X-ray reflections from a binary paraffin (C23H48-25 % C 24H50) was determined, in order to obtain structural parameters related to the molecular disorder and intramolecular defects.
Abstract: The temperature dependence of the intensities of the (00l) X-ray reflections from a binary paraffin (C23H48-25 % C 24H50) was determined, in order to obtain structural parameters related to the molecular disorder and intramolecular defects. The long lattice spacing was also determined as a function of temperature. All these results are compared with the temperature dependence of the ratio of the two short lattice parameters. The clear correlation of all of these experimental results provides a close characterization of the molecular structures and their changes at the various solid state phase transitions.
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: The phase behavior of the lidocaine-prilocaine binary system has been studied by X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, hot-stage microscopy, and IR spectrometry as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The phase behavior of the lidocaine-prilocaine binary system has been studied by X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, hot-stage microscopy, and IR spectrometry. No intermediate compounds or solid solubilities havc been detected. The eutectic composition is close to I:l, and thc cutcctic temperature is 18 f I "C. Aqueous solubility studies show that the lidocaine heat of solubility from the eutectic mixture is different from that of the pure drug, whereas it is the same for prilocaine. Investigations ofvarious lidocaine-prilocaine ratios indicate that the two local anesthetics decrease the solubility of each other. The total solubility. however, is affected only to a minor extent. Keyphrases Lidocainc-binary system with prilocaine, phase diagram and aqueous solubility 0 Prilocaine-binary system with lidocaine, phase diagram and aqueous solubility 0 Solubility-phase diagram of the lidocaine-prilo- ciiinc binary system in water 0 Phase diagram-lidocaine--prilocainc binary syztem, aqueous solubility
TL;DR: In this article, the isothermal equilibria of (acetone + tetrahydrofuran), (tetrahydroid-furan + acetonitrile), (Tetraydroid-furan + 1,2-dichloroethane), and (acetitrile + 1.2-dimethyl-1, 2-diclorosine) were measured at 302.15 K using the total-pressure method.
TL;DR: The binary system ReAl was investigated using X-ray diffraction examination at temperatures above 1273 K in the composition range 20-80 at.% Re. as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The binary system ReAl was investigated using X-ray diffraction examination at temperatures above 1273 K in the composition range 20–80 at.% Re. Four intermediate phases were observed: Re 2 Al, ReAl, ReAl 3 and ReAl 4 . Re 2 Al is tetragonal with lattice constants a = 0.298 02 nm and c = 0.975 96 nm (isotypic with MoSi 2 ); ReAl is tetragonal with lattice constants a = 0.307 85 nm and c = 0.595 15 nm. ReAl 3 is isotypic with TcAl 3 . A complete binary phase diagram is proposed.
TL;DR: In this article, the molar excess volumes and molar enthalpies of binary methylenebromide +benzene mixtures were determined at 298.15 and 308.15 K.
TL;DR: In this paper, light scattering has been used in measurements of both activity coefficients and Gibbs functions in the systems 1, 2-dichloroethane + acetonitrile, 1,2-Dichloromethane + ethyl acetate, dimethylformamide + acetitrile and dimethyl-formamide+ ethyl-acetate.
Abstract: Light scattering has been used in measurements of both activity coefficients and Gibbs functions in the systems 1,2-dichloroethane + acetonitrile, 1,2-dichloroethane + ethyl acetate, dimethylformamide + acetonitrile and dimethylformamide + ethyl acetate. The results obtained can be explained by taking into account the existence of specific forces in the system.
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparison between the present ΔUE data and those for real mixtures is made between the two sets of data sets, and a comparison is made with the present data sets for real and simulated mixtures.
TL;DR: In this paper, the excess volumes of (n -heptane + n -octane), ( n -hexane + cyclohexane), and (n-hexane plus cycloxide hexane) have been determined from density measurements at 298.15 K. Various ways of predicting the ternary mixture from experimental results for the binary mixtures are compared.
TL;DR: In this paper, isothermal dilution calorimetry was employed, using initial liquids which were either pure or binary mixtures with average carbon numbers of 6 and 16, and the results for the multicomponent mixtures are compared with those for the binary mixture via the principle of congruence which is found to be capable of correlating the results within 4 per cent of HmE(max.).