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Binary system
About: Binary system is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5788 publications have been published within this topic receiving 97882 citations.
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TL;DR: The binary phase diagram of water has been studied with emphasis on the L3 and dilute lamellar phases, which were found to swell to approximately 99.5 and 98.8 wt % of water, respectively, much further than has been reported previously.
Abstract: The binary phase diagram of water–C12E5 has been studied with emphasis on the L3 and dilute lamellar phases, which were found to swell to approximately 99.5 and 98.8 wt % of water, respectively, much further than has been reported previously. Focusing on these two phases, we have carried out static light and small-angle neutron scattering and electrical conductivity measurements. The repeat distance in the lamellar phase was found to exceed 3000 A. A small, but significant deviation from ideal one-dimensional swelling was observed. This deviation may be explained in terms of flexibility of the bilayers that are flat only on average. Electrical conductivity and small-angle neutron scattering data from the isotropic L3 phase are, over most of the stability range, consistent with a three-dimensional continuous bilayer structure. However, at large water contents an increase in the conductivity indicates a breakup of the structure into smaller fragments. Our results show that the simpler binary system exhibits the same characteristic features as the more complex multicomponent systems, involving brine, ionic surfactant and cosurfactant.
384 citations
TL;DR: In this article, all available literature on the constitution of Ti−Al is reviewed and the phase diagram for this system is assessed based on a critical evaluation of these data, and a critical phase diagram is presented.
Abstract: All available literature on the constitution of Ti−Al is reviewed. Based on a critical evaluation of these data the phase diagram for this system is assessed.
362 citations
TL;DR: A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review as discussed by the authors, while a published version is the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
349 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the binary H2SO4-H2O vapor system was studied at 295 K in a series of experiments employing a flow reactor, and an ultrafine particle condensation nucleus counter was used to count the newly nucleated particles.
Abstract: Particle formation in the binary H2SO4-H2O vapor system was studied at 295 K in a series of experiments employing a flow reactor. The concentration of H2SO4 was detected by chemical ionization mass spectrometry, and an ultrafine particle condensation nucleus counter was used to count the newly nucleated particles. Results yield a particle formation rate that is approximately proportional to [H2SO4] raised to the eighth power and to [H2O] raised to the fifth power. The power dependencies measured here are significantly different from those determined in previous experimental work, and furthermore, the water dependence is markedly different from that predicted from current theories. The effect of adding ammonia vapor to the binary system was investigated; concentrations of NH3 in the many tens of parts per trillion by volume range were observed to promote dramatically the rate of particle nucleation.
323 citations
TL;DR: In this article, bubble-point curves were determined for three different temperatures for binary mixtures of polar solvents with either carbon dioxide, ethane, or ethene.
Abstract: Vapor-liquid equilibria for binary mixtures of polar solvents with either carbon dioxide, ethane, or ethene were determined with a newly designed apparatus. Bubble-point curves were determined for three different temperatures. The densities of the liquid phases were also obtained. From these data the volume expansions of the liquid phases were calculated. The results show large differences in the volume expansions, depending on the binary system investigated. The binary systems with carbon dioxide show an interesting density behavior, which has no equivalent in the ethane or ethene systems. The bubble-point curves were modeled with the Peng-Robinson equation of state (EOS).
306 citations