Bioaccumulation

About: Bioaccumulation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 7112 publications have been published within this topic receiving 208953 citations. The topic is also known as: bioakumulace.

Comparing polybrominated diphenyl ether and polychlorinated biphenyl bioaccumulation in a food web in Grand Traverse Bay, Lake Michigan.

Abstract: Levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs) in Great Lakes salmonids and ambient air have been recently reported, but few studies worldwide have examined the accumulation of BDEs within aquatic food webs. Here we report some of the first measurements of six BDE congeners that are common components of the pentaBDE commercial mixture within an entire Lake Michigan food web. BDEs were detected in all samples and the dominant BDE congener was 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 47). BDE 47 levels were consistently greater than those of the 2,2′,4,4′,5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 99), despite similar levels of these two compounds in commercial mixtures, suggesting differences in the bioavailability of the BDE congeners or differences in their ability to be metabolized. Additionally, congener composition was significantly different among deepwater sculpin, bloater chub, and lake trout, indicating differences in exposure or differences in biotransformation capacities. Total BDE concentrations in this food web were positively correlated (r = 0.94) with levels of PCBs previously measured in these samples (Stapleton et al. 2001a). Levels of BDE 47 and PCB 153, compounds with similar physicochemical properties, were compared to examine the relative exposure and bioaccumulation of these two classes of chemicals that have different environmental loading histories. Food web magnification factors calculated for these two congeners were 3.2 and 4.0 for BDE 47 and PCB 153, respectively, indicating a comparable potential for biomagnification in food webs.

Toxicological Response of the Green Alga Chlorella vulgaris, to Some Heavy Metals

Abstract: Problems statement: The disturbance of aquatic ecosystems provoked by heavy metals pollution from industrial and domestic sources, has as consequence the loss of biological diversity, as well as increased bioaccumulation and magnification of toxicants in the food chain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of some heavy metals on some physiological activities of Chlorella vulgaris beyerinck with special references to metal bioaccumulation. Approach: Chlorella vulgaris Beyerinck was isolated from Al-Asfar Lake, Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia. A standard initial inoculum of the isolated algae was inoculated to culture flasks. The culture flasks were supplied with various concentrations of Cobalt, Copper and Zinc ranging from 10-6-10-9 M. At the end of the incubation period cultures were filtered and washed several times by distilled water for measurements the various experimental parameters. Results: The data show that the lower doses of the three tested metals had stimulatory effect in biomass yield of Chlorella vulgaris, whereas the higher doses were inhibitory depending on the type of the metal. The inhibitory effect of copper to the growth parameters of Chlorella vulgaris was more pronounced than other two tested metals. The total protein content, total carbohydrate and the total free amino acids of the tested green alga Chlorella vulgaris gradually decreased in a manner dependent on the metal concentration in the medium. On the other hand, bioaccumulation of cobalt, copper and zinc by Chlorella vulgaris cells were parallel to increasing the concentrations in the culture medium. Conclusion: The inhibitory and stimulatory effects of either of the used heavy metals depend on concentration. Different organisms, however, have different sensitivities to the same metal and the same organisms may be more or less damaged by different metals. The uptake of an element from the surrounding medium is seldom exactly proportional to the amount present in the water.

Passive samplers provide a better prediction of PAH bioaccumulation in earthworms and plant roots than exhaustive, mild solvent, and cyclodextrin extractions.

Abstract: A number of extraction methods have been developed to assess polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) bioavailability in soils. As these methods are rarely tested in a comparative manner, against different test organisms, and using field-contaminated soils, it is unclear which method gives the most accurate measure of the actual soil ecosystem exposure. In this study, PAH bioavailability was assessed in ten field-contaminated soils by using exhaustive acetone/hexane extractions, mild solvent (butanol) extractions, cyclodextrin extractions, and two passive sampling methods; solid phase micro extraction (SPME) and polyoxymethylene solid phase extraction (POM-SPE). Results were compared to actual PAH bioaccumulation in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) and rye grass (Lolium multiflorum) roots. Exhaustive, mild solvent and cyclodextrin extractions consistently overpredicted biotic concentrations by a factor of 10–10 000 and therefore seem inappropriate for predicting PAH bioaccumulation in field contaminated soils. In...