Topic
Bioaccumulation
About: Bioaccumulation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 7112 publications have been published within this topic receiving 208953 citations. The topic is also known as: bioakumulace.
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TL;DR: Al-Khadoud Spring Water and tissues (liver and muscle) of captured fish were analyzed for heavy metals in an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer equipped with a Varian Model.
Abstract: Problem statement: Al-Khadoud Spring is one of the largest spring in A l-Hassa governorate (Saudi Arabia). Due to the extended domestic activities and urbanization as well as the continuous industrial and agricultural growth of th e region, spring water quality is potentially changing. Approach: This study was conducted to measure toxic heavy metal concentrations in water and fish samples along the spring channel. Filtered spring water and tissues (liver and muscle) of captured fish were analyzed for heavy metals in an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer equipped with a Varian Model. Results: The concentrations of metals in water were found i n the following order: Fe 2+ >Zn 2+ >Cu 2+ >Pb 2+ >Mn 2+ >Cd 2+ . The levels of heavy metals recorded in water in t his study were generally low, when compared to WHO and USEPA recommended levels in water, except iron which was found to be higher than the recommended levels. In fish samples collected from the polluted spring, metal levels were significantly hi gher than the levels in water, indicating bioaccumulation. The highest levels of metals were generally reported in fish liver than muscle. Hepatic metal levels were ranked as follow: Zn 2+ >Cu 2+ >Pb 2+ >Cd 2+ . Conclusion: The present results showed that, the fishes, based on the higher levels of metal bioaccumulation, could be unsafe for human consumption. Consequently, very close monitoring of heavy metal loads in Al-Khadoud spring is recommended in view of the possible risks to hea lth of consumers.
84 citations
TL;DR: Overall, TMFs provide valuable information regarding bioaccumulation potential and should be incorporated into regulatory decision making following the suggestions outlined in this article.
Abstract: Recent technical workgroups have concluded that trophic magnification factors (TMFs) are useful in characterizing the bioaccumulation potential of a chemical, because TMFs provide a holistic measure of biomagnification in food webs. The objectives of this article are to provide a critical analysis of the application of TMFs for regulatory screening for bioaccumulation potential, and to discuss alternative methods for supplementing TMFs and assessing biomagnification in cases where insufficient data are available to determine TMFs. The general scientific consensus is that chemicals are considered bioaccumulative if they exhibit a TMF > 1. However, comparison of study-derived TMF estimates to this threshold value should be based on statistical analyses such that variability is quantified and false positive and false negative errors in classification of bioaccumulation potential are minimized. An example regulatory decision-making framework is presented to illustrate the use of statistical power analyses to minimize assessment errors. Suggestions for considering TMF study designs and TMFs obtained from multiple studies are also provided. Alternative bioaccumulation metrics are reviewed for augmenting TMFs and for substituting in situations in which field data for deriving TMFs are unavailable. Field-derived, trophic level-normalized biomagnification factors (BMFTLs), biota–sediment accumulation factors (BSAFTLs), and bioaccumulation factors (BAFTLs) are recommended if data are available, because these measures are most closely related to the biomagnification processes characterized by TMFs. Field- and laboratory-derived BAFs and bioconcentration factors are generally less accurate in predicting biomagnification. However, bioconcentration factors and BAFs remain useful for characterizing bioaccumulation as a result of the transfer of chemicals from abiotic environmental compartments to lower trophic levels. Modeling that incorporates available laboratory and field data should also be considered for augmenting assessments of bioaccumulation potential. Modeling can provide a TMF-focused assessment for new or unreleased chemicals in the absence of field data by estimating TMF values and theoretical relationships between physical-chemical properties and TMF values (quantitative structure–activity relationships). An illustration of the use of physicochemical properties for estimating TMFs is provided. Overall, TMFs provide valuable information regarding bioaccumulation potential and should be incorporated into regulatory decision making following the suggestions outlined in this article. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2012;8:?–?. © 2011 SETAC
84 citations
TL;DR: The toxic metal contents in seeds were found positively correlated with the ambient concentration of metals in water and sediments and the importance of these findings has been discussed for national water resource economy of the country and human health perspectives.
83 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was exposed to three [14C]-polychlorinated alkanes (PCAs) at nominal concentrations of 1.5 and 15 μg/g for 40 d, followed by 160 d of clean food, to measure bioaccumulation parameters and biotransformation.
Abstract: Juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to three [14C]-polychlorinated alkanes (PCAs) (C10H15.3Cl6.7, C14H23.3Cl6.7, and C18H31.4Cl6.6) at nominal concentrations of 1.5 and 15 μg/g for 40 d, followed by 160 d of clean food, to measure bioaccumulation parameters and biotransformation. These PCAs are identical in carbon-chain length and chlorine content to industrial chlorinated paraffin products, although their method of synthesis differs from that of chlorinated paraffin products. Half-lives ranged from 26 to 91 d, biomagnification factors ranged from 0.9 to 2.8, and both exhibited increasing trends with increasing carbon-chain length. Data from this work and others on PCAs were used to determine biotransformation rates and to examine quantitative structure-activity relationships for bioaccumulation and biotransformation. Quantitative structure-activity relationships developed for half-life and biomagnification factor showed positive linear relationships with the number of carbon atoms, of chlorine atoms, of total carbon and chlorine atoms, and log Kow. The PCA biotransformation rates (per day) ranged from −0.00028 to 8.4 and exhibited negative relationships with the number of carbon atoms, of chlorine atoms, of total carbon and chlorine atoms, and log Kow. Results suggest that PCAs with a total number of carbon and chlorine atoms between 22 and 30 are slowly, or are not, biotransformed in juvenile rainbow trout. Increasing carbon-chain length and chlorine content result in greater bioaccumulation of PCAs by reducing partition-based (i.e., diffusion) and metabolic (i.e., biotransformation) elimination processes. High bioaccumulation potential and low biotransformation rates of medium (C14-18) and long (C18-30) carbon-chain PCAs and highly chlorinated PCAs indicate that information is needed regarding the environmental concentrations of these PCAs in aquatic food chains.
83 citations
TL;DR: A three-year monitoring effort of 14 northeastern Minnesota lakes was conducted to document relationships between water-level fluctuations and mercury bioaccumulation in young-of-the-year (YOY) yellow perch collected in the fall of each year at fixed locations, finding that annual water- level fluctuations are strongly correlated with mercury levels in YOY perch for both data sets.
Abstract: A three-year (2001−2003) monitoring effort of 14 northeastern Minnesota lakes was conducted to document relationships between water-level fluctuations and mercury bioaccumulation in young-of-the-ye...
83 citations