Topic
Bioaccumulation
About: Bioaccumulation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 7112 publications have been published within this topic receiving 208953 citations. The topic is also known as: bioakumulace.
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TL;DR: In this article, a deposit-feeding clam, Macoma balthica, was exposed to sediment spiked with Ag and Cu in different forms (aqueous ions, nanoparticles, and micrometer-sized particles) in three experiments.
Abstract: Ag and CuO engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) have wide applications in industry and commercial products and may be released from wastewater into the aquatic environment. Limited information is currently available on metal ENP effects, uptake, and depuration kinetics in aquatic organisms. In the present study, a deposit-feeding clam, Macoma balthica, was exposed to sediment spiked with Ag and Cu in different forms (aqueous ions, nanoparticles, and micrometer-sized particles) in three experiments. In all experiments, no effects on mortality, condition index, or burrowing behavior were observed for any of the metal forms at measured sediment concentrations (150–200 μg/g) during 35 d of exposure. No genotoxicity was observed following exposure, measured as DNA damage with the single-cell gel electrophoresis assay (comet assay). Bioaccumulation of both Ag and Cu in the clams was form dependent such that bioaccumulation from sediment spiked with aqueous ions > nanoparticles > micrometer-sized particles. Cu uptake...
69 citations
TL;DR: Based on the results, it is recommended to include Zn in the list of priority pollutant substances of the European Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC), due to its occurrence and toxicity.
69 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that it is difficult to predict accurately As bioaccumulation at sites with different chemistries, unless that chemistry is taken into account.
69 citations
TL;DR: Measurement of heavy-metal concentrations in soil, leachates, and soft tissues of snails showed that contamination from ingested soil is the major route for metal uptake and determining the metal burden per snail enables an estimation to be made of the risk of secondary poisoning encountered by predators.
Abstract: Using two biological characteristics of the land snail (subspecies Helix aspersa aspersa and Helix aspersa maxima), i.e., soil eating and crawling on wet surfaces, methods were developed to assess the bioavailability of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Pb, and Zn) from soil and aqueous leachates of soil. Measurement of heavy-metal concentrations in soil, leachates, and soft tissues of snails showed that contamination from ingested soil is the major route for metal uptake. Generally, the concentrations of metals were greater in the viscera than in the foot and rose with the proportion of spiked soil (S1) in the diet. After ingestion of soil, bioaccumulation factors in the viscera were over two for Cd (3.5–27) and Zn (1.7–4.4) for both subspecies but were below one for Cr(0.04–0.6, exceptfor H. aspersa maxima: 1.21) and Pb(0.02–0.23). Contamination by leachate S1 mainly caused accumulation of Cr in the tissues. Determining the metal burden per snail enables an estimation to be made of the risk of secondary poisoning encountered by predators. The present study provides data on the bioavailability of metals in soils and on the relationships between bioaccumulation and sublethal effects.
69 citations
TL;DR: The biomagnification of137 Cs in marine predatory fishes is largely caused by the extremely high 137 Cs assimilation from ingested prey, despite the relatively high efflux rate of 137Cs compared to those measured in freshwater fishes.
Abstract: Radiocesium is the only trace element apart from Hg that may be potentially biomagni- fied at the top of the marine planktonic food chain. We quantified the assimilation efficiency from ingested prey, uptake rate from the aqueous phase, and efflux rate of radiocesium in a marine pis- civorus fish (the mangrove snapper Lutjanus argentimaculatus). Aqueous 137 Cs exhibited an approx- imately linear uptake pattern over a 4 d exposure period, and was immediately transported to the muscles. The calculated uptake rate constant (0.00145 l g -1 d -1 ) was independent of the ambient Cs concentration. Salinity variation appeared to have no influence on the 137 Cs influx within the range of 20 to 30 psu, but the influx rate increased when the salinity was further reduced to 15 psu. The assimilation efficiency in fish ingesting different prey (copepods, Artemia, clam tissues, and herbivo- rous fish), measured by a pulse-chase feeding technique, ranged between 78 and 95%. The efflux rate constant of 137 Cs in fishes following uptake from the dissolved and dietary phases ranged between 0.020 and 0.023 d -1 . The higher efflux rate in marine fishes compared to those in freshwater fishes may have been due to the ionic regulation in marine teleosts (e.g., high excretion rate to coun- teract the high ambient K + concentration). Using a simple kinetic model, we show that the dietary uptake of 137 Cs plays a dominant role when the concentration factors of 137 Cs in prey range between 50 and 100. At a lower value for the concentration factor (10), 137 Cs bioaccumulation in fish is domi- nated by uptake from the aqueous phase. The predicted trophic transfer factor (concentration in the predator to concentration in the prey) in the predatory fish ranges between 1 and 4.4 (with a median value of 2), and is consistent with the field measurements of trophic transfer factor of 137 Cs in the pis- civorous fishes in both marine and freshwater systems. Thus, the biomagnification of 137 Cs in marine predatory fishes is largely caused by the extremely high 137 Cs assimilation from ingested prey, despite the relatively high efflux rate of 137 Cs compared to those measured in freshwater fishes.
69 citations