Bioaccumulation

About: Bioaccumulation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 7112 publications have been published within this topic receiving 208953 citations. The topic is also known as: bioakumulace.

Zinc and cadmium body burdens in terrestrial oligochaetes: use and significance in environmental risk assessment.

Abstract: Uptake and elimination kinetics of zinc and cadmium were studied in the oligochaetes Enchytraeus albidus and Eisenia fetida. Even at the highest exposure concentrations where E. fetida survived, the internal zinc concentration was still regulated to a constant level. Enchytraeus albidus could not regulate the internal zinc concentration as well, and the body burden increased after exposure to high zinc concentrations. After transfer to clean soil, the internal zinc concentration dropped back to the control level within a few weeks. For both species, internal cadmium concentrations did not reach equilibrium during the uptake experiments. The internal concentrations causing 50% reduction in cocoon production for E. fetida exposed to cadmium varied between different soil types, indicating that no fixed critical body burdens exist. For both zinc and cadmium, bioaccumulation factors decreased with increasing soil metal concentrations. Bioaccumulation factors may therefore be poor indicators of environmental risk. Their dependence on the total soil concentration makes bioaccumulation factors also unsuitable for assessing the influence of soil characteristics on the bioavailability of metals in contaminated field soils. For the same reason, uptake rate constants are probably not suited for this purpose.

Bioaccumulation, biotransformation and DNA binding of pahs in feral eel (Anguilla anguilla) exposed to polluted sediments: A field survey

Abstract: Samples of sediment and eel taken from six sites in Amsterdam with different levels of water pollution were analyzed for 16 parental PAHs In addition, biliary PAH metabolites and hepatic PAH-DNA adducts were determined in the eel to evaluate biomomtoring techniques for PAH exposure There was a clear difference between PAH profiles in sediments and eel Mainly two- and three-ring PAHs were detected in eel, whereas four-ring PAHs predominated in the sediments Because PAH bioaccumulation was highest in eel from the reference sites, tissue levels of the parental PAH are probably not the most accurate monitor of PAH exposure in fish An elevated excretion of 1 OH pyrene (determined by synchronous scan fluores cence) was observed in the bile of fish from three of the four polluted sites, indicating that this parameter may be used as a biomarker for PAH exposure A significant increase in PAH-DNA adduct levels (determined by 32P postlabeling) was observed in the liver of eel from all polluted sites Therefore, this parameter seems to be a sensitive biomarker for exposure to mutagenic and carcinogenic PAHs

Distribution and Specific Bioaccumulation of Butyltin Compounds in a Marine Ecosystem

Abstract: Butyltin compounds (BTs), including tributyltin (TBT) and its breakdown products, di- (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT), were determined in sea water, sediment, and biota at various trophic levels in the food chain collected from Otsuchi Bay, Japan, for understanding distribution and bioaccumulation of BTs in natural marine ecosystems. BT residues were detected in all the compartments analyzed, although their concentrations appeared to be less than those in polluted areas. Concentrations of BTs in sea water were higher in locations near Otsuchi Port, indicating that maritime activities in the harbor has been a major source of BTs in this bay. A specific peak in BT residue levels was found in sediment cores at an estimated depth that dated to be from the 1980s. Lack of significant variation in the composition of BTs at different depths of cores suggests slow degradation rate of these compounds in sediments. BTs were accumulated in plankton and other organisms up to ∼70,000 times higher than in sea water. However, no considerable biomagnification was observed for BTs through the food chain. Relatively high concentrations were found in caprellids and smaller fish, such as gunnels. These organisms accumulated TBT as the predominant compound among BT derivatives and showed higher bioconcentration factors for TBT than in other species reported so far. Our results suggest that certain organisms in the food chain may have a less capacity to degrade TBT, and therefore may accumulate BTs at elevated levels.