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Bioaerosol

About: Bioaerosol is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1347 publications have been published within this topic receiving 34791 citations.


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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a detailed analysis of the characteristics of the sources of bio-aerosol in the atmosphere, including terrestial and aquatic, natural and anthropogenic.
Abstract: The study of the presence of the various types of bioaerosol in the atmosphere should be backed up by a deep knowledge of the features of the sources from which they are generated: terrestial and aquatic, natural and anthropogenic. The first step needed to work out aerobiological models is the precise description of the location, seasonality, timing and release flow of the particles produced. One of the greatest problems encountered in aerobiology lies in the precise assessment of the airborne particle concentration. The difficulty varies with the kind of particle to be recorded and strongly depends on the method and system utilised. Many aspects in the monitoring of indoor and outdoor bioaerosol have still to be thoroughly investigated. More functional and accurate methods, morphological, chemical, microbiological and inmunological analyses are actual requirements in the fields of atmosphere microbiology, allergenic aerosol and phytopathology. Bioaerosol monitoring is carried out for three principal reasons. Firstly, for general scientific interest and research. Secondly, to meet legal requirements or to comply with guidelines which often state that air quality may have to be monitored but do not specify methodology and thirdly to collect epidemiological data. Physicists expert at aerosol sampling are frequently involved in the research and investigation of proper sampling systems for non viable particles, whereas physicists and biologists should be necessarily involved together in the monitoring of viable bioaerosol. The stress undergone by viable particles during sampling procedures causes steadily an increased death rate of the sampled organisms due to thermal, mechanical chock or dehydratation of the particles. The need for further information on biological aerosol or bioaerosol, is brought about by the availability of approximate data only or worse, by the total lack of the data in papers dealing overall with atmospheric particles. Even keeping into account the difficulty to be overcome when carrying out this kind of measurements, researchers should follow this path further.

11 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A key finding was the observation that stability differences caused by particle size or compositional changes frequently followed species-specific patterns, highlighting how even moderate changes to one experimental parameter, e.g., bacterial species, spray liquid, or particle size, can strongly affect the aerobiological stability of Gram-negative bacteria.
Abstract: The ability to perform controlled experiments with bioaerosols is a fundamental enabler of many bioaerosol research disciplines. A practical alternative to using hazardous biothreat agents, e.g. for detection equipment development and testing, involves using appropriate model organisms (simulants). Several species of Gram-negative bacteria have been used or proposed as biothreat simulants. The appropriateness of different bacterial genera, species, and strains as simulants is however still debated. Here we report aerobiological stability characteristics of four species of Gram-negative bacteria ( Pantoea agglomerans , Serratia marcesens , Escherichia coli , and Xanthomonas arboricola ) in single-cell particles and cell clusters produced using four spray liquids (H 2 O, phosphate-buffered saline[PBS], spent culture medium[SCM], and SCM:PBS mixture). E. coli showed higher stability in cell clusters than the other species, but similar or lower stability in single-cell particles, from all spray liquids. The overall stability was higher in cell clusters compared to single-cell particles. The highest overall stability was observed for bioaerosols produced using SCM-containing spray liquids. A key finding was the observation that stability differences caused by particle size or compositional changes frequently followed species-specific patterns. The results highlight how even moderate changes to one experimental parameter, e.g. bacterial species, spray liquid, or particle size, can strongly affect the aerobiological stability of Gram-negative bacteria. Taken together, the results highlight the importance of careful and informed selection of Gram-negative bacterial biothreat simulants and also the accompanying particle size and composition. The outcome of this work contributes to improved selection of simulants, spray liquids, and particle size for use in bioaerosol research. Importance The outcome of this work contributes to improved selection of simulants, spray liquids, and particle size for use in bioaerosol research. Taken together, the results highlight the importance of careful and informed selection of Gram-negative bacterial biothreat simulants and also the accompanying particle size and composition. The results highlight how even moderate changes to one experimental parameter, e.g. bacterial species, spray liquid, or particle size, can strongly affect the aerobiological stability of Gram-negative bacteria. A key finding was the observation that stability differences caused by particle size or compositional changes frequently followed species-specific patterns.

11 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the concentrations of respirable dust and bioaerosol measured with samplers attached to the workers (worker-exposure concentrations) were more than 3 (0.82 vs. 0.26 mg/m 3 ) and one-and-a-half times (58.46 vs. 33.79 cfu/m
Abstract: SUMMARY Poultry houses are known for generating excessive dust, which originates from bedding materials, fiberglass insulations, feed, dried fecal materials, and feather particles. Dust may contain microorganisms, including endotoxins, fungi, and bacteria, that may affect living things when inhaled. Dust that contains living organisms is referred to as bioaerosol, and its particle size may range from 0.5 to 100 µm. Respirable dust, which has an aerodynamic diameter of less than or equal to 4 µm, can travel to and be deposited in the gas-exchange region of the human respiratory system. This is of particular concern because of the greater health hazard that it poses. The concentrations of respirable dust and bioaerosol measured with samplers attached to the workers (worker-exposure concentrations) were more than 3 (0.82 vs. 0.26 mg/m 3 ) and one-and-a-half times (58.46 vs. 33.79 cfu/m 3 ) higher, respectively, than the concentrations measured with stationary samplers indoors. The respirable dust is still below the permissible exposure limit (5 mg/m 3 ) set by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, but beyond the limit for animal buildings suggested by other researchers.

11 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present study deals with the measurements and characterization of bioaerosol over Indo-Gangetic plain and finds that the levels of PM10 and PM2.5 are much higher than the recommended value set by NAAQS in India.
Abstract: Aerosol plays a very important role in climate change and public health. It affects cloud condensation nuclei and causes a number of epidemic diseases. The correlations of aerosol with epidemic diseases are due to the biotic components of aerosol. The present study deals with the measurements and characterization of bioaerosol over Indo-Gangetic plain. The levels of PM10 and PM2.5 are much higher than the recommended value set by NAAQS in India. Bacterial and fungal concentrations are in the reported range. Bacterial concentration is higher than fungal concentration. Gram-positive bacteria contribute 75 % while gram-negative bacteria contribute 25 % only. A total seven types of fungi are identified in aerosols. Aspergillus niger is dominant. Meteorological parameters play important roles in growth and presence of microorganism in the air. Bacterial concentrations are governed mainly by temperature while fungal concentration is influenced by relative humidity.

11 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Elastic light scattering (ELS) from single micron-sized particles has been used as a fast, non-destructive diagnostic tool in life science, physics, chemistry, climatology, and astrophysics as discussed by the authors .
Abstract: Elastic light scattering (ELS) from single micron-sized particles has been used as a fast, non-destructive diagnostic tool in life science, physics, chemistry, climatology, and astrophysics. Due to the large scattering cross-section, ELS can be used to find trace amounts of suspect particles such as bioaerosols among complex, diverse atmospheric aerosols, based on single-particle interrogation. In this article, we briefly summarized the main computational models and instrumentation developed for ELS, then reviewed how properties like particle size, refractive index, degree of symmetry, and surface roughness, in addition to packing density, shape of primary particles in an aggregate, and special helix structures in compositions can be determined from ELS measurements. Meanwhile, we emphasize on how these parameters obtained from ELS measurements can be used for bioaerosol detection, characterization, and discrimination from atmospheric aerosol particles using different classification algorithms.

10 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023133
2022235
202195
202094
201989
201871