Showing papers on "Biochip published in 1996"

Photoactivatable polymers for producing patterned biomolecular assemblies

Abstract: The presently claimed invention is directed to novel biochips and a method for forming said biochips and novel photoactivatable compounds, 2,6-DOCA, 2-NOCA and LC-ASA Amine.

Apparatus and methods for active programmable matrix devices

Abstract: A system for performing molecular biological diagnosis, analysis and multistep and multiplex reactions utilizes a self-addressable, self-assembling microelectronic system for actively carrying out controlled reactions in microscopic formats. Preferably, a fluidic system flows a sample across an active area of the biochip, increasing diagnostic efficiency. Preferably, the fluidic system includes a flow cell having a window. Pulsed activation of the electrodes of the biochip are advantageously employed with the fluidic system, permitting more complete sampling of the materials within the biological sample. An improved detection system utilizes a preferably coaxially oriented excitation fiber, such as a fiber optic, disposed within a light guide, such as a liquid light guide. In this way, small geometry systems may be fluorescently imaged. A highly automated DNA diagnostic system results. Perturbation of the fluorescence signal during electronic denaturation is detailed and analyzed for analytical and diagnostic purposes. Such fluorescence perturbation information is combined with other information to provide improved analysis. DNA fingerprinting uses hybridizing DNA fragments of a given length and a capture sequence at a test site and then determining the level of reverse bias necessary to affect the hybridization, such as to dehybridize, and determine the length of the DNA.

A versatile biochip for gene-based diagnostics

Abstract: Towards the pursuit of highly automated, cost-effective gene-based diagnostic testing, microfabricated diagnostic systems are being developed to perform sample preparation, assay, detection and information analysis in a miniaturized format. These microfabricated systems exploit the inherent characteristics of microelectronics that accommodate highly parallel assays, ultrasensitive detection, high throughput, integrated data acquisition and computation. The focus of this paper is a miniaturized molecular detection device that is directly coupled to a DNA probe-based diagnostic assay. High detection sensitivities have been reported previously by the authors utilizing this proximal CCD approach for fluorescent and radioisotope reporter groups. The present work demonstrates quantitative detection and imaging capabilities for both flash (acridinium ester) and glow (dioxetane-based) chemiluminescent reporter groups used in DNA/RNA-based diagnostics. A detection limit of 0.9 fmole was demonstrated with immobilized AE reporter groups within a 0.3 second integration time. Also highly resolved images of labeled DNA hybridized to probe arrays was achieved with dioxitane-based chemiluminescence with high selectivity. These recent chemiluminescent results combined with the previous fluorescent and radioisotope feasibility demonstrate the versatility of proximal CCD detection and imaging for DNA-based diagnostics.