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Biochronology
About: Biochronology is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 537 publications have been published within this topic receiving 16378 citations.
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TL;DR: The discovery of six hominid specimens from Chad, central Africa, 2,500 km from the East African Rift Valley, suggest that the earliest members of the hominids clade were more widely distributed than has been thought, and that the divergence between the human and chimpanzee lineages was earlier than indicated by most molecular studies.
Abstract: The search for the earliest fossil evidence of the human lineage has been concentrated in East Africa. Here we report the discovery of six hominid specimens from Chad, central Africa, 2,500 km from the East African Rift Valley. The fossils include a nearly complete cranium and fragmentary lower jaws. The associated fauna suggest the fossils are between 6 and 7 million years old. The fossils display a unique mosaic of primitive and derived characters, and constitute a new genus and species of hominid. The distance from the Rift Valley, and the great antiquity of the fossils, suggest that the earliest members of the hominid clade were more widely distributed than has been thought, and that the divergence between the human and chimpanzee lineages was earlier than indicated by most molecular studies. From their initial description in 1925 1 until 1995, hominids from the Pliocene (5.3‐1.6 million years, Myr) and late Upper Miocene (,7.5‐5.3 Myr) were known only from southern and eastern Africa. This distribution led some authors to postulate an East African origin for the hominid clade (where the term ‘hominid’ refers to any member of that group more closely related to extant humans than to
831 citations
01 Jan 1989
TL;DR: The European Neogene Marine/Continental Chronologic Correlations were studied in this article, where a biochronologic subdivision of the European Paleogene based on Mammals was proposed.
Abstract: Aspects of European Mammal Chronology.- The Setting.- European Neogene Marine/Continental Chronologic Correlations.- A Biochronologic Subdivision of the European Paleogene Based on Mammals - Report on Results of the Paleogene Symposium held in Mainz in February 1987.- The Ramblian and Aragonian: Limits, Subdivision, Geographical and Temporal Extension.- New Neogene Rodent Assemblages from Anatolia (Turkey).- Updating of MN Zones.- Muroid Rodent Biochronology of the Neogene and Quaternary in Europe.- Biozones or Mammal Units? Methods and Limits in Biochronology.- Large Mammal Dispersal Events at the Beginning of the Late Villafranchian.- Regional Papers.- Synthesis on the "Aquitanian" Lagomorph and Rodent Faunas of the Aquitaine Basin (France).- The Faunas and Stratigraphical Subdivisions of the Orleanian in the Loire Basin (France).- A Preliminary Mammal Zonation of the Upper Marine Molasse of Switzerland.- The Faunal Succession in the Bavarian Molasse Reconsidered-Correlation of the MN5 and MN6 Faunas.- Stratigraphy of Neogene Mammals of Poland.- The Neogene VP Sites of Czechoslovakia: A Contribution to the Neogene Terrestric Biostratigraphy of Europe Based on Rodents.- Faunal Datum Papers.- The "Proboscidean Datum Event:" How Many Proboscideans and How Many Events?.- The Proboscideans Data, Age, and Paleogeography: Evidence from the Miocene of Lisbon.- Patterns of Old World Hipparionine Evolutionary Diversification and Biogeographic Extension.- The Hipparions of the Lower Axios Valley (Macedonia, Greece). Implications for the Neogene Stratigraphy and the Evolution of Hipparions.- The Genus Equus in Europe.- Biogeographic Synthesis.- Bioevents and Mammal Successions in the Spanish Miocene.- The Miocene Rodent Succession in Eastern Spain: A Zoogeographical Appraisal.- Gundersheim-Findling, a Ruscinian Rodent Fauna of Asian Affinities from Germany.- Dynamics of Old World Biogeographic Realms during the Neogene: Implications for Biostratigraphy.- Paleoecological Synthesis.- Miocene Paleoecology of Pasalar, Turkey.- Taphonomic and Sedimentary Factors in the Fossil Record of Mammals.- Relations Between Paleoclimatology and Plio-Pleistocene Biostratigraphic Data in West European Countries.- Small Mammal Taphonomy.- Magnetostratigraphic Applications.- Hipparion Datum and its Chronologic Evidence in the Mediterranean Area.- The Magnetic Stratigraphy of the Late Miocene Sediments of the Cabriel Basin, Spain.- Preliminary Magnetostratigraphic Results of Some Neogene Mammal Localities from Anatolia (Turkey).- Sequences Outside Europe.- The Chinese Neogene Mammalian Biochronology - Its Correlation with the European Neogene Mammalian Zonation.- Key Biostratigraphic Events in the Siwalik Sequence.- Quo Vadis, Antemus? The Siwalik Muroid Record.- The African Dimension in European Early Miocene Mammal Faunas.- Development and Application of Land Mammal Ages in North America and Europe, A Comparison.- New Perspectives.- The Past, the Present, and the Future.- Contributors.- Taxonomic Index (Mammal Genera).
347 citations
TL;DR: It is proposed that biochronology be redefined as the organization of geologic time according to the irreversible process of organic evolution, following the characterization and application by Berggren and Van Couvering.
Abstract: Abstract Chronostratigraphy and biochronology are the prime conceptual methods for relating biologic events to the geologic time scale. Chronostratigraphy is the dominant method applied in the oceanographic-marine realm, and biochronology is the dominant method for the terrestrial realm. These concepts were conceived in the early half of the 20th century, and major advances in both occurred during the latter half of the 20th century. Historical development of both chronostratigaphy and biochronology is briefly reviewed, and it is concluded that the early definition and application of biochronology is tainted by reference to and inference from biostratigraphy. It is proposed that biochronology be redefined as the organization of geologic time according to the irreversible process of organic evolution, following the characterization and application by Berggren and Van Couvering (1978, G.V. Cohee, M.F. Glaessner, and H.D. Hedberg [editors], Contributions to the geologic time scale: 39–55. Tulsa, OK: American Association of Petroleum Geologists). The new term “chronostratigraphic marker” is proposed and defined as any chronologically significant event (biologic, isotopic, isotopic-ratio, or paleomagnetic), recorded in a stratigraphic sequence, that can be directly related to and/or tied to any other chronostratigraphic marker. According to definitions given herein, a biochronologic event can become a chronostratigraphic marker, but only when tied to a discrete stratigraphic sequence and related to other stratigraphic sequences and/or chronostratigraphic markers. The terms and concepts “datum event”, “land mammal age”, “stage of evolution”, and “appearance event ordination” are discussed and defined. A datum event is defined as any chronostratigraphic marker. Land mammal ages, along with European Neogene and Paleogene mammal units, are considered biochronologic entities; they are defined as relatively short intervals of geologic time that can be recognized and distinguished from earlier and later such units (in a given region or province) by a characterizing assemblage of mammals. Stage of evolution is a very basic biochronologic concept defined as the chronologic ordering of faunal assemblages based on morphological (evolutionary) differences observed in members of a single, well-established phyletic lineage. Appearance event ordination is a new tool of biochronology. It is defined as ordering the appearance of fossil mammal genera by multivariate analysis, using overlapping (conjunctive) and nonoverlapping (disjunctive) range distributions in large sets of data.
331 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a magnetobiostratigraphically calibrated mammal scale for the Neogene of Western Europe is presented, based on the first appearances of selected small and large mammal taxa.
312 citations
31 Jan 2004
TL;DR: Woodburne et al. as discussed by the authors presented a Mammalian biochronology of the latest Cretaceous, by R. O. Woodburne and R. R. Prothero.
Abstract: ContentsPreface, by M. O. WoodburneList of ContributorsDefinitionsIntroduction, by M. O. WoodburnePrinciples and Procedures, by M. O. WoodburneMammalian Biochronology of the Latest Cretaceous, by R. L. Cifelli,* J. J. Eberle, D. L. Lofgren, J. A. Lillegraven, and W. A. ClemenPaleocene Biochronology: The Puercan Through Clarkforkian Land Mammal Ages, by D. L. Lofgren,* J. A. Lillegraven, W. A. Clemens, P. D. Gingerich, and T. E. WilWasatchian Through Duchesnean Biochronology, by P. Robinson,* G. F. Gunnell, S. L. Walsh, W. C. Clyde, J. E. Storer, R. K. StuckThe Chadronian, Orellan, and Whitneyan North American Land Mammal Ages, by D. R. Prothero and R. J. EmryMammalian Biochronology of the Arikareean Through Hemphillian Interval (Late Oligocene Through Early Pliocene Epochs), by R. H. Tedford,* J. E. Storer, L. B. Albright III, C. C. Swisher III, A. T. BarnoThe Blancan, Irvingtonian, and Rancholabrean Mammal Ages, by E. L. Lundelius Jr. and C. R. Bell,* A. D. Barnosky, R. W. Graham, E. H. LindsayGlobal Events and the North American Mammalian Biochronology, by M. O. WoodburneIndexesSystematic IndexSubject Index
307 citations