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Topic

Biofilm

About: Biofilm is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 23010 publications have been published within this topic receiving 906812 citations. The topic is also known as: biofilms.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that silver nanoparticles are potent inhibitors of C. albicans biofilm formation through disruption of the outer cell membrane/wall and inhibition of filamentation, which is consistent with an overall loss of structure of biofilms.
Abstract: Candida albicans is the most common pathogenic fungus isolated in bloodstream infections in hospitalized patients, and candidiasis represents the fourth most common infection in United States hospitals, mostly due to the increasing numbers of immune- and medically-compromised patients. C. albicans has the ability to form biofilms and morphogenetic conversions between yeast and hyphal morphologies contribute to biofilm development and represent an essential virulence factor. Moreover, these attached communities of cells are surrounded by a protective exopolymeric matrix that effectively shelters Candida against the action of antifungals. Because of dismal outcomes, novel antifungal strategies, and in particular those targeting biofilms are urgently required. As fungi are eukaryotic, research and development of new antifungal agents has been difficult due to the limited number of selective targets, also leading to toxicity. By microwave-assisted techniques we obtained pure 1 nm spherical silver nanoparticles ideal for their potential biological applications without adding contaminants. A phenotypic assay of C. albicans demonstrated a potent dose-dependent inhibitory effect of silver nanoparticles on biofilm formation, with an IC50 of 0.089 ppm. Also silver nanoparticles demonstrated efficacy when tested against pre-formed C. albicans biofilms resulting in an IC50 of 0.48 ppm. The cytotoxicity assay resulted in a CC50 of 7.03 ppm. The ultrastructural differences visualized under SEM with silver nanoparticles treatment were changes in the surface appearance of the yeast from smooth to rough thus indicating outer cell wall damage. On the fungal pre-formed biofilm true hyphae was mostly absent, as filamentation was inhibited. TEM measurement of the cell-wall width of C. albicans after treatment resulted in significant enlargement (206 ± 11 nm) demonstrating membrane permeabilization. Our results demonstrate that silver nanoparticles are potent inhibitors of C. albicans biofilm formation. SEM observations are consistent with an overall loss of structure of biofilms mostly due to disruption of the outer cell membrane/wall and inhibition of filamentation.TEM indicates the permeabilization of the cell wall and subsequent disruption of the structural layers of the outer fungal cell wall. The anti-biofilm effects are via cell wall disruption.

220 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The strains varied significantly in their ability to adhere to the surface and significant differences for cell numbers after 24 h biofilm growth were found, suggesting that growth behaviour of Listeria in biofilms may be different from their planktonic growth.

220 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review focus will be placed on the extracellular complex carbohydrates of microbial origin and their role in the formation and interactions of biofilms.

220 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is found that adding r-EPS significantly repressed biofilm formation by affecting genes related to curli production (crl, csgA, and csgB) and chemotaxis (cheY) in transcriptome analysis and could lead to the development of novel food-grade adjuncts for microbial biofilm control.

220 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results indicate the plausibility of mechanoselective adhesion mechanisms in prokaryotes and suggest that mechanical stiffness of substrata materials represents an additional parameter that can regulate adhesion of and subsequent colonization by viable bacteria.

219 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20241
20233,430
20226,827
20212,025
20202,079
20191,885