Topic
Biofilm matrix
About: Biofilm matrix is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1589 publications have been published within this topic receiving 110140 citations.
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TL;DR: It is indicated that biofilms can grow in the presence of Nuc1 activity and solid surface hydrophobicity significantly affected the biofilm 3D-architecture, which suggests that the virulence of S. aureus NewmanBiofilms is increased by its nuclease production in particular on a hydrophilic surface.
Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus is commonly associated with biofilm-related infections and contributes to the large financial loss that accompany nosocomial infections. The micrococcal nuclease Nuc1 enzyme limits biofilm formation via cleavage of eDNA, a structural component of the biofilm matrix. Solid surface hydrophobicity influences bacterial adhesion forces and may as well influence eDNA production. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the impact of Nuc1 activity is dependent on surface characteristics of solid surfaces. For this reason, this study investigated the influence of solid surface hydrophobicity on S. aureus Newman biofilms where Nuc1 is constitutively produced. To this end, biofilms of both a wild-type and a nuc1 knockout mutant strain, grown on glass, salinized glass and Pluronic F-127-coated silanized glass were analysed. Results indicated that biofilms can grow in the presence of Nuc1 activity. Also, Nuc1 and solid surface hydrophobicity significantly affected the biofilm 3D-architecture. In particular, biofilm densities of the wild-type strain on hydrophilic surfaces appeared higher than of the mutant nuc1 knockout strain. Since virulence is related to bacterial cell densities, this suggests that the virulence of S. aureus Newman biofilms is increased by its nuclease production in particular on a hydrophilic surface.
20 citations
TL;DR: The sub-minimal inhibitory concentration of several antibiotics either alone or in combination has been shown to inhibit biofilm formation and down-regulate the production of virulence factors.
Abstract: Background The establishment of a biofilm by most pathogenic bacteria has been known as one of the resistance mechanisms against antibiotics. A biofilm is a structural component where the bacterial community adheres to the biotic or abiotic surfaces by the help of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) produced by bacterial cells. The biofilm matrix possesses the ability to resist several adverse environmental factors, including the effect of antibiotics. Therefore, the resistance of bacterial biofilm-forming cells could be increased up to 1000 times than the planktonic cells, hence requiring a significantly high concentration of antibiotics for treatment. Methods Up to the present, several methodologies employing antibiotics as an anti-biofilm, antivirulence or quorum quenching agent have been developed for biofilm inhibition and eradication of a pre-formed mature biofilm. Results Among the anti-biofilm strategies being tested, the sub-minimal inhibitory concentration of several antibiotics either alone or in combination has been shown to inhibit biofilm formation and down-regulate the production of virulence factors. The combinatorial strategies include (1) combination of multiple antibiotics, (2) combination of antibiotics with non-antibiotic agents and (3) loading of antibiotics onto a carrier. Conclusion The present review paper describes the role of several antibiotics as biofilm inhibitors and also the alternative strategies adopted for applications in eradicating and inhibiting the formation of biofilm by pathogenic bacteria.
20 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The data suggest that the employment of EDTA or other chemicals destabilizers of the biofilm matrix, in combination with antifungal drugs, could lead to the development of new strategies for the management of infections associated to Candida biofilm.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Candida albicans
biofilm is frequently found on artificial surfaces
and the infections related to biofilm are difficult
to eliminate, as they require the removal of artificial
devices and treatment with antifungal drugs.
Nowadays, fungal growth in biofilms is difficult
to eradicate with conventional antifungal drugs
such as fluconazole. Among chelating agents,
disodium salt-Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid
(EDTA) is known to have antifungal activity. In
this study, we examined the in vitro activity of
the EDTA and the antifungal drug fluconazole
against C. albicans mature biofilm.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: C. albicans
ATCC 20191, fluconazole-susceptible strain, was
grown at an inoculum starter of 1 x 106 cells/ml
for 72 h in 24-well microtiter plates and was further
treated for 24 h with EDTA and/or fluconazole.
Antifungal activities in biofilms were expressed
as reduction in optical density (OD) determined
by a 2,3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-
2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT)
colorimetric assay and compared to untreated
biofilms.
RESULTS: Colorimetric readings revealed that
EDTA alone (at 25 and 2.5 mM) significantly reduced
fungal metabolic activity in preformed
biofilms. Also, EDTA combined with fluconazole
significantly reduced the growth of biofilm when
compared to biofilm treated with fluconazole
alone (at 25 and 2.5 μg/ml).
CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that the employment
of EDTA or other chemicals destabilizers
of the biofilm matrix, in combination with antifungal
drugs, could lead to the development of
new strategies for the management of infections
associated to Candida biofilm. Another relevant
result of our study suggests that the initial cell
concentration, probably through mechanisms of
quorum sensing, affects the cellular viability
during the process of biofilm formation.
20 citations
TL;DR: Low concentrations of Cd2+ and montmorillonite or their combinations enhanced biofilm formation by increasing polysaccharides proportion in the biofilm matrix, and the maximum adsorption capacity of C d2+ by biofilm was increased by 1.5 times.
20 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used high-speed Aqua Sperm micromotors obtained from North African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, B. 1822) to destroy bacterial biofilm.
Abstract: Microscale self-propelled robots show great promise in the biomedical field and are the focus of many researchers. These tiny devices, which move and navigate by themselves, are typically based on inorganic microstructures that are not biodegradable and potentially toxic, often using toxic fuels or elaborate external energy sources, which limits their real-world applications. One potential solution to these issues is to go back to nature. Here, the authors use high-speed Aqua Sperm micromotors obtained from North African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, B. 1822) to destroy bacterial biofilm. These Aqua Sperm micromotors use water-induced dynein ATPase catalyzed adenosine triphosphate (ATP) degradation as biocompatible fuel to trigger their fast speed and snake-like undulatory locomotion that facilitate biofilm destruction in less than one minute. This efficient biofilm destruction is due to the ultra-fast velocity as well as the head size of Aqua Sperm micromotors being similar to bacteria, which facilitates their entry to and navigation within the biofilm matrix. In addition, the authors demonstrate the real-world application of Aqua Sperm micromotors by destroying biofilms that had colonized medical and laboratory tubing. The implemented system extends the biomedical application of Aqua Sperm micromotors to include hybrid robots for fertilization or cargo tasks.
20 citations