Showing papers on "Biogas published in 1983"

Anaerobic biotechnology for industrial wastewater treatment.

Abstract: An overview of the scientific principles and technological concepts and a description of several installations

Process and apparatus for the anaerobic treatment of waste water in a filter including granular material

Abstract: Waste water to be treated is introduced into a filter including granular material for supporting the biomass resulting from an anaerobic treatment operation During such treatment operation biogas is formed, and the waste water being treated and the granular material supporting the biomass are continuously circulated by injecting a portion of the biogas into a tube extending vertically upwardly through the filter

Anaerobic digestion of organic waste for biogas production

Abstract: A low solids aqueous suspension of organic waste (10) is treated in at least four, e.g., six serial anaerobic zones (1-6) at a temperature of less than 40°C and under quiescent conditions to provide methane, fertilizer and a clean liquid effluent.

Production of biogas from residues from mushroom cultivation

Abstract: Etude experimentale de la digestion anaerobie de paille de riz non traitee et pretraitee biologiquement et de Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (residus de la culture de Pleurotus sajor-caju)

Isolation and characterization of an aceticlastic methanogen from a biogas digester

Abstract: Isolation and characterization of a fast-growing filament-forming methanogen (Methanothrix soehngenii strain VNBF) which uses acetate as the sole energy source for growth are reported. The stoichiometric conversion of acetate to CH4 [74-82-8] in the absence of added H suggests that all the CH4 is derived most probably from the Me group of acetate. The strain VNBF may be playing a key role in methanogenesis from org. wastes. Its high efficiency of CH4 prodn. may help to improve the performance of biogas digesters.

Methane generation and microbial activity in a domestic refuse landfill site

Abstract: Carboxylic acid and sulphate concentrations, microbial activity as estimated by extracellular enzyme activities, and biogas production, at Aveley Landfill Site (Essex) were markedly influenced by refuse moisture content, which depended on the level of the water table. Cellulose: lignin ratios were indicative of cellulose disappearance and enzyme activity determinations may be a measure of the potential of landfill sites to produce biogas.

Method for processing of organic materials containing nitrogen compounds

Abstract: The invention pertains to a method for processing of organic materials containing nitrogen compounds, where the organic material undergoes an anaerobic digestion with simultaneous liberation of biogas which contains methane and carbon dioxide. The liquid product obtained after anaerobic digestion is, according to the invention, heated to boiling temperature, ammonia bonded as carbonate which is distilled off, and the tail product from distillation is further processed to the valuable product and clear water or is discharged as prepurified waste water. During the processing to the valuable product in the form of organo-phophate-lime concentrate, the tail product of distillation is alkalized by lime and carbonized with carbon dioxide. Biogas or carbon dioxide obtained by distillation may be used in carbonation. The processed organic materials may be excrements from farming of hogs and black cattle, waste from chemical and alimentary industry, city sewage sludges, and various kinds of biomass which may be employed in the process of anaerobic digestion for production of biogas.

Production of methane by anaerobic fermentation of waste materials

Abstract: A method of producing methane from the anaerobic fermentation of waste materials, such as municipal solid waste, in a series of cavities in the earth holding such solid waste material and covered with earth excavated from the next adjacent cavity. Various forms of apparatus for withdrawing the product gas of the anaerobic fermentation, separating the carbon dioxide from the methane in the product gas and injecting the thus separated carbon dioxide into an adjacent covered cavity to purge air therefrom and enhance the anaerobic fermentation of the waste material therein is also disclosed.

Production of Methane Gas From Combinations of Wheat Straw and Swine Manure

Abstract: COMBINATIONS of wheat straw and swine manure were added to six anaerobic digesters (20-L size) in a factorial designed experiment reheated three times. The amount of biogas produced and the chemical and biological stability were measured. The straw tended to cause some physical problems in the digester of scum floatation and material handling. However, the addition of the straw tended to increase process stability. The ammonia, VFA and alkalinity concentrations and pH significantly decreased for the digesters with the additions of straw. The addition of the wheat straw reduced biogas production per unit weight of volatile solids added as feedstock except for the one treatment of substitution of 25% of the volatile solids of a loading rate of 4 g VS L_1d-1 with straw treated with NaOH.

Use of membranes for biogas treatment

Abstract: The use of membranes for recovery of methane from digestor gas and landfill gas offers economic and technical advantages over conventional separation processes. High membrane selectivity for carbon dioxide relative to methane is the main criteria for economic advantage. 8 references, 8 figures, 1 table.

Anaerobic digestion of a petrochemical effluent

Abstract: Downflow fixed bed reactors operated at 35°C, were sucessfully used for the anaerobic digestion of a petrochemical effluent. COD reductions of 93–95% were found at an optimum retention time of 2.3 days and a loading rate of 4.7 kg COD/m3/d. The amount of biogas produced was 0.88 m3/m3/d (STP), with a methane content of 90–96%.

Apparatus and method for the treatment of organic wastes

Abstract: Apparatus for the anaerobic conversion of organic waste to biogas using a microbial biomass comprises a closed reactor (1) adapted to receive the organic waste, the reactor having a first chamber (4) and a second chamber (3) in liquid communication, a gas blower (13) for conveying biogas which accumulates in the second chamber (3) to the first chamber (4) with a corresponding displacement of liquid material from the first chamber (4) to the second chamber (3), and a quick-release valve (14) for rapidly equalizing gas pressure in the chambers with a concomitant rapid reverse displacement of liquid material at predetermined intervals, resulting in an oscillating flow of liquid material in the reactor and an intimate mixing of the organic waste and the biomass, and a gas outlet (17) for releasing biogas from either of the chambers.

Zur Reaktionstechnik der anaeroben Fermentation

Abstract: Chemical reaction engineering of anaerobic fermentation. Anaerobic fermentation has already been used for more than 50 years for the disposal of excess activated sludge. In recent years, increasing costs and considerable problems encountered in connection with the disposal of activated sludge have encouraged the development of anaerobic processes for the treatment of industrial waste water. Various aspects which have to be taken into account when planning a digester plant are discussed. Reduction in residence time with concomitant increase of biogas production rate is possible by retention of biomass. In this way catabolic performances are obtained comparable to those of aerobic high capacity activated sludge plants. Anaerobic waste treatment appears so far to be a real purification method because the predominant part of the organic pollution (more than 95%) is eliminated under energy saving conditions. The by-product biogas contributes to the energy self-sufficiency of the process.

The fate and effect of bisulfate in anaerobic treatment

Abstract: Toxicite des composes soufres pour la production biologique de methane durant la digestion en anaerobiose de dechets industriels a forte charge organique

Process and plant for producing biogas

Abstract: In the production of biogas, an improvement in respect of energy economy with lower heat consumption and shorter processing time and at the same time an odourless degassed animal manure of high fertilizing value and free of pathogenic organisms is obtained by digestion of manure in a continuous process in which the supplied manure is, in two separate, successive digestion tanks, first subjected to a mesophilic digestion at a temperature of about 35o C and afterwards to a thermophilic digestion at a temperature of about 55o C. The tanks can be designed as an inner digestion tank (1) for the thermophilic digestion and a surrounding outer digestion tank (2) for the mesophilic digestion, separated by a common heat-insulating wall (3) in connection with which a transfer duct (6) for transferring mesophilically digested manure from the bottom of the outer tank (2) to the top of the inner tank (1) constitutes the only connection between the two tanks.

Performance of a two-stage methane digestor for alcohol stillage derived from sugarcane molasses

Abstract: The production of biogas with 52% methane from anaerobic fermentation of the alcohol stillage derived from sugarcane molasses has been studied using a two-stage digestor. Gas productivity of 0.4 m3/KgCOD day with four days of hydraulic retention time was much better than the reported holding times between 10 to 15 days with a single digestor.

Biotechnology and effluent treatment

Abstract: Existing effluent treatment emphasing processes available for by-product recovery and future prospects for environmental biotechnology for further recovery of useful materials and the breakdown of recalcitrants

Process and plant for carrying out a decomposition in anaerobic environment of organic products, byproducts and waste

Abstract: A process and a plant for carrying out a decomposition in anaerobic environment. According to this process a fermentation enclosure or vessel 2 is subdivided into a plurality of sectors, biogas being fed individually or in groups of injection conduits 32 to 63 via independent valves, 64 to 78 respectively, so that biogas is injected intermittently into each of the sectors under a pressure and for a period of time which are predetermined and adjustable as a function of the density of the solid products in the associated sector. The invention therefore makes it possible to obtain a perfect fluidisation of the solid products or substrates circulating in the fermentation vessel 2 despite the density gradient existing between the entry of the vessel and its exit.

Method of processing plant products from agriculture and forestry

Abstract: A method for processing plant products from agriculture and forestry is described, which is self-sufficient from the energy point of view and by means of which not only alcohol can be produced but also non-perishable foodstuffs such as animal feeds, biological fertilisers and protein for animals and humans can be produced. This method essentially consists in pressing the products, during which process the cell structure is destroyed completely and the products are disintegrated completely, forming a solid and a liquid phase, and heating the liquid phase to an increased temperature by means of the pressing process and afterheating the products to the mashing heat by means of the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine which drives the press. The internal combustion engine is driven by biogas produced in a biogas reactor. The liquid phase is fed to an alcohol distillery. The distiller's wash formed in this process is fed to a biogas reactor. After fouling has ended, the substrate from the biogas reactor is separated into protein, animal feed and biological fertiliser by means of a separating process. A generator for generating electrical energy is driven by an internal combustion engine running on biogas.

Process and apparatus for the anaerobic treatment of waste water in a filter with granular filter media

Abstract: Procede de traitement anaerobie d'eaux residuaires dans un filtre a remplissage de materiau granulaire support de la biomasse formee, avec production simultanee de biogaz, suivant lequel l'eau a traiter et le materiau supportant la biomasse sont amenes a circuler en continu au moyen d'un systeme de pompage utilisant comme fluide moteur une partie du biogaz produit au cours du traitement anaerobie. A method of anaerobic treatment of waste water in a refillable filter support granular material of the biomass formed, with simultaneous production of biogas, wherein the water to be treated and the material carrying the biomass are circulated continuously by means of a pumping system using as working fluid a portion of the biogas produced during the anaerobic treatment. L'appareil pour la mise en oeuvre du procede, est constitue par une enceinte (1) fermee contenant un remplissage de materiau granulaire (2) et il est muni, comme systeme de pompage, d'au moins un tube de pompe- mammouth a gaz (3) utilisant comme fluide moteur une partie du biogaz produit au cours du traitement. The apparatus for carrying out the process is constituted by an enclosure (1) containing a closed granular filling material (2) and is provided, as a pumping system, at least one tube pump- mammoth gas (3) using as working fluid a portion of the biogas produced during processing.

Fermenter and process for the continuous, anaerobic, biological degradation of waste waters

Abstract: Fermenter for the continuous, anaerobic degradation of waste waters with the production of biogas, comprising a plurality of chambers situated one after the other (seen in the flow direction of the waste water through the fermenter), which chambers are filled with the liquid to be degraded, and the liquid level decreasing from chamber to chamber. The liquid flows, or is advantageously pumped, through all the chambers. Each chamber is furnished with supports, which are colonised by the anaerobic bacterial strains, and further devices. The supports are preferably plastic material, that is polyethylene terephthalate fibre material, which has advantageously been processed to form nets or the like. The clarified water is withdrawn after the last chamber. The biogas is likewise advantageously withdrawn in the vicinity of the outflow position of the clarified waste water. The advantages of the fermenter according to the invention and of the process according to the invention for waste water purification using this fermenter are: concentration gradient (decreasing in the direction of flow), plug flow, immobilisation, uniform gas solubility in the entire fermenter because of restricted height, improved ability to monitor the entire unit, since it is a multichamber system, has a high outgassing surface area, and can be operated at 35 DEG C or 50-70 DEG C.

Novel two-phase anaerobic gasification with solid-bed acid digestion in tandem with fixed-film methane fermentation

Abstract: The development and performance of a novel solid-bed two-phase anaerobic digestion system are described. The system consists of a bed of organic feed operated in tandem with an acid-phase slurry digester and a methane-phase upflow anaerobic filter. The bed and the acid-phase digesters liquefy and convert the organics to volatile fatty acids (VFA) without gas production, while a high methane-content product gas is collected from the methane-phase filter. With municipal refuse feeds, VFA and ethanol were the major products from acid-phase digestion. A high methane content (up to 88 mol %) gas was the major product from the methane phase filter.