Topic
Biogas
About: Biogas is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 28571 publications have been published within this topic receiving 498545 citations.
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TL;DR: Compared with other biomass-based vehicle fuels available so far, biogas often has several advantages from an environmental and resource-efficiency perspective, and this provides the motivation for further technological development aiming to reduce costs and thereby increased economic competitiveness ofBiogas as a vehicle fuel.
282 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) was carried out in order to compare the environmental impacts and the energy efficiency of seven treatment options of biogas digestate.
Abstract: Driven by a high increase of large scale biogas plants based on bio waste, agricultural by-products and waste from food industry, there is a rapid structural development of the agricultural holdings in Germany. Particularly in regions with intensive livestock husbandry, this leads to an overprovision of nutrients. New technologies have been introduced during the last years to treat biogas digestate for optimal transport and application conditions. An environmental Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was carried out in order to compare the environmental impacts and the energy efficiency of seven treatment options of biogas digestate. The treatment options include one conventional digestate management option (storage and application of untreated manure on agricultural land), one stabilization process (composting), three mechanical drying options (belt dryer, drum dryer and solar dryer), one option using thermal vaporization (concentration) and finally one physical–chemical treatment (combination of separation, ultra-filtration, reverse osmosis and ionic exchanger). Primary energy demand (PED), global warming potential (GWP) and acidification potential (AP) were analysed and presented per kg of digestate on the input side of the system as functional unit (fu). Based on the default parameter setting, four scenarios have been defined to analyse the influence of different feedstock, different kinds of energy supply, different emission reductions techniques and different logistic chains on the LCA results. In the overall comparison, solar drying, composting and physical–chemical treatment were identified to be the most suitable options to reduce the use of resources and environmental impacts compared to the conventional digestate management. Belt drying turned out to be the handling process with the highest PED demand, GWP and AP among the compared options. Total PED varies from −0.09 MJ/fu (i.e. savings) in the composting option up to 1.3 MJ/fu in the belt drying option. The GWP was in a range between 0.06 CO 2 eq./fu for solar drying to 0.1 kg CO 2 eq./fu for belt drying. The amount of AP ranged from 2.7 kg SO 2 g eq./fu in composting to 7.1 g SO 2 eq./fu in belt drying. The results indicate that the environmental impact depends largely on nitrogen related emissions from digestate treatment, storage and field application. Another important aspect is the amount and kind of fuel used for heat supply (biogas, natural gas) and the procedure chosen for the allocation among heat and power.
282 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the potential of POME as a source of renewable energy and the challenges faced by the palm oil mills in Malaysia which deters the development of biogas plants in the mill.
Abstract: The generation of palm oil mill effluent (POME) alongside with the production of crude palm oil has created environmental issue for the palm oil mill industry in Malaysia due to its polluting characteristics. POME with its high organic content is a source with great potential for biogas production. However, POME is commonly treated using open ponding system just to comply with government regulation without capturing biogas released from the process. Biogas generated from anaerobic digestion of POME can replace palm kernel shell and mesocarp fiber which has higher economic value as boiler fuel; upgraded to be used in gas engine for power generation. It is estimated that net profit of RM 3.8 million per year can be obtained in a palm oil mill with processing capacity of 60 tonnes/hr from electricity generation using biogas produced from POME treatment. This review paper will elaborate on the potential of POME as a source of renewable energy and the challenges faced by the palm oil mills in Malaysia which deters the development of biogas plants in the mill.
282 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provided up-to-date knowledge and information on macroalgae-based biofuels, such as biogas, bioethanol, biodiesel and bio-oils respectively obtained from anaerobic digestion, fermentation, transesterification, liquefaction and pyrolysis technique methods.
Abstract: Algae is a very promising source for renewable energy production since it can fix the greenhouse gas (CO2) by photosynthesis and does not compete with the production of food Compared to microalgae, researches on biofuel production from macroalgae in both academia and industry are at infancy for economically efficient and technological solutions This review provides up to-date knowledge and information on macroalgae-based biofuels, such as biogas, bioethanol, biodiesel and bio-oils respectively obtained from anaerobic digestion, fermentation, transesterification, liquefaction and pyrolysis technique methods It is concluded that bioethanol and bio-oils from wet macroalgae are more competitive while biodiesel production seems less attractive compared to high lipid content microalgae biomass Finally, a biorefinery concept based on macroalgae is given
281 citations
TL;DR: Kinetic and microbiota analyses revealed that pyrochar can prevent mild ammonia inhibition, and future research should pay attention to biochar-microbe interactions and the effects in continuously-fed anaerobic digesters.
281 citations