Showing papers on "Biological anthropology published in 1991"

Anthropology: A Global Perspective

Abstract: Part I Introduction: introduction to anthropology evolution the record of the past Part II Physical anthropology: primates homind evolution human variation Part III Archaeology: paleolithic cultures the origins of domestication and settled life the origins of the state and complex society Part IV Basic concepts: culture psychological anthroplogy language anthropological explanations analyzing society and culture Part V Prestate societies: band societies tribes chiefdoms Part VI State societies: agricultural states industrial states Part VII Consequences of global industrialism: global industrialism and the Fourth World Latin America and the Caribbean Africa the Middle East Asia Part VIII Anthropology and the global future: contemporary global trends applied anthropology

Antropoloji̇ni̇n konusu ve alani

Abstract: The new era in anthropology is specified with the discovery of the new approaches, benefitting from historical methods and with the development of unhistorical methods. Both approaches have eventually increased the interests in cultural processes and generalisation studies, or statutes related to cultures. The researchers of historical approach tend to study the culture, appearing in any time and any place, as a science whereas the researchers of unhistorical approach focus on what science of cultures is supposed to be in its process of development, and on societies individually and the features of such societies. This study discusses anthropology, the major problem of anthropology, biological anthropology, social and cultural anthropology, the historical bases of anthropology, the relations of anthropology with the other sciences and anthropological applications.

Anthropology and statistics

Abstract: van Vark, G. N. and W. W. Howells, eds. Multivariate Statistical Methods in Physical Anthropology. Dordrecht, Holland: Reidel, 1984. x 4‐ 433 pp. including illustrations, references, and subject index. $61.00 cloth. De Meur, Gisele, ed. New Trends in Mathematical Anthropology. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1986. xx + 315 pp. including illustrations and references. $39.95 cloth.

The old and the new physical anthropology in the careers of E. A. Hooton and W. M. Krogman

Abstract: Physical anthropology changed many of its theoretical premises after World War II under the influence of the synthetic theory of evolution. Earnest Albert Hooton (1887-1954) and Wilton Marion Krogman (1903-1987) were excellent examples of leading workers whose research orientations differed, but whose students were important parts of the new consensus. These theoretical innovations undermined the racial morphological typology which underlay much of Hooton's work on racial history, and radiographs of the sizes of bone, marrow, muscle, and fat in the human brachium undermined his work and researches of other constitutionalists and increased the prestige of alternative work on body composition. Krogman, however, initially worked on the growth of the skull and dentition of the great apes and was a leader in human growth studies all his life. He was the most important writer in the United States on forensic applications of human skeletal biology. Since neither growth studies nor forensic applications depended much on typology, Krogman's publications were generally more modern than Hooton's. In terms of parsimony, Hooton's works can be criticized in terms of his cumbersome typology, but not his ideas on arborealism and the adaptive radiation of the primates. Krogman's interest in roentgenographic cephalometry may have been motivated by a concern for parsimonious explanations of craniofacial growth. Indeed, research in the new physical anthropology can truly be said to stand on the shoulders of these two giants.