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Showing papers on "Biological anthropology published in 1999"


MonographDOI
01 Jan 1999
TL;DR: Directly addressing earlier criticisms of biological anthropology, Building a New Biocultural Synthesis concerns how culture and political economy affect human biology and how biological consequences might then have further effects on cultural, social, and economic systems.
Abstract: Anthropology, with its dual emphasis on biology and culture, is--or should be--the discipline most suited to the study of the complex interactions between these aspects of our lives. Unfortunately, since the early decades of this century, biological and cultural anthropology have grown distinct, and a holistic vision of anthropology has suffered. This book brings culture and biology back together in new and refreshing ways. Directly addressing earlier criticisms of biological anthropology, Building a New Biocultural Synthesis concerns how culture and political economy affect human biology--e.g., people's nutritional status, the spread of disease, exposure to pollution--and how biological consequences might then have further effects on cultural, social, and economic systems. Contributors to the volume offer case studies on health, nutrition, and violence among prehistoric and historical peoples in the Americas; theoretical chapters on nonracial approaches to human variation and the development of critical, humanistic and political ecological approaches in biocultural anthropology; and explorations of biological conditions in contemporary societies in relationship to global changes. Building a New Biocultural Synthesis will sharpen and enrich the relevance of anthropology for understanding a wide variety of struggles to cope with and combat persistent human suffering. It should appeal to all anthropologists and be of interest to sister disciplines such as nutrition and sociology. Alan H. Goodman is Professor of Anthropology, Hampshire College. Thomas L. Leatherman is Associate Professor of Anthropology, University of South Carolina.

316 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The history of physical anthropology: An Encyclopedia, vols & 2 Frank Spencer ed New York: Garland Publishing, 1997 1,195 pp as discussed by the authors, p. 1.1.
Abstract: History of Physical Anthropology: An Encyclopedia, vols & 2 Frank Spencer ed New York: Garland Publishing, 1997 1,195 pp

67 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Ales Hrdlicka (1869-1943) is widely recognized as a central figure in the development of American physical anthropology, but his contributions to forensic anthropology are not well known as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Although Ales Hrdlicka (1869–1943) is widely recognized as a central figure in the development of American physical anthropology, his contributions to forensic anthropology are not well known. The record shows he: 1) had training in legal medicine; 2) researched and published on issues of broad medico-legal interest; 3) reported on autopsies; 4) analyzed skeletal cases; 5) researched and testified on ancestry issues; and 6) maintained contact with FBI officials on medico-legal matters. His efforts in research and building collections helped to build the foundation for modern forensic anthropology.

19 citations



Book
01 Jan 1999
TL;DR: The author explains how Sherry Washburn's "Revolution in Functional Anatomy" led to a new understanding of human evolution and the role of language in its development.
Abstract: Preface, by Gordon Getty Introduction, by Dr. David Hamburg (President of the Carnegie Corporation) SETTING THE STAGE. 1. The New Physical Anthropology (1951), S.L. Washburn. AN EVOLUTIONARY COMPARATIVE FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY. 2. The Analysis of Primate Evolution with Particular Reference to the Origin of Man (1951), S. L. Washburn. 3. Life History of Gombe Chimpanzees: The Inside View from the Skeleton, M.E. Morbeck. 4. Electromyography, Elastic Energy, and Knuckle-Walking: A Lesson in Experimental Anthropology, R. Tuttle, B. Hallgrimsson and J. Basmajian. THE PROMISE OF PRIMATOLOGY. 5. The Promise of Primatology (1973), S.L. Washburn. 6. The Primate Brain and the Origin of Intelligence, H.D. Steklis. 7. Visual-Spatial Neurological Modeling as a Possible Mechanism for Learning and Managing Social Structure, C. Bramblett, A. Coelho, and S. Easley. 8. Theory, Method, Gender and Culture: What Changed Our Views of Primate Society? S.C. Strum, L.M. Fedigan. DIAGNOSING EVOLUTIONARY COMPLEXES. 9. Aggressive Behavior in Old World Monkeys and Apes (1968), S.L. Washburn, D.A. Hamburg. 10. A Mystery: Explaining Behavior, P. Dolhinow. 11. Good Taste, Good Sense or Just Plain Good Sex(ual) Differences in the Metabolism of Alcohol, A.J. Almquist, D. Matsuda. IMPROVED PHYLOGENETIC RECONSTRUCTIONS. 12. One Hundred Years of Anthropology (1968), S.L. Washburn. 13. Fashions and Models in Human Evolution: Contributions of Sherwood Washburn, A. Zihlman. 14. Genetics of Old World Monkeys: One Aspect of the "New" Physical Anthropology, T.R. Turner, M.L. Weiss. 15. Evolutionary Information from Fossil Molecules, J.M. Lowenstein. THE CHALLENGE OF SCIENCE. 16. Human Evolution: Science or Game? (1973), S.L. Washburn. 17. Science and Constructivism: Notes Toward a Reconciliation, R.B. Lee. SCIENCE AND THE FUTURE. 18. Evolution and Learning: A Context for Evaluation (1975), S.L. Washburn. 19. Zoos as Arks: Issues in Ex Situ Propagation of Endangered Wildlife, D. Lindburg. WASHBURN, THE TEACHER. 20. Evolution of a Teacher, S L. Washburn. 21. Sherry Washburn and the Revolution in Functional Anatomy, T. Grand. EPILOGUE. The New Physical Anthropology: Science, Humanism, and Critical Reflection, S.C Strum. APPENDIX. The Study of Race, S.L. Washburn. The Evolution of Hunting, S.L. Washburn, C.S. Lancaster. The Social Life of Baboons, S.L. Washburn, I. DeVore. Behavior and Human Evolution, S.L. Washburn. Conflict in Primate Society, S.L. Washburn.

14 citations


01 Jan 1999
TL;DR: Woodbury as mentioned in this paper was the first to include physical anthropology in the Smithsonian's anthropology program, with the appointment of William H. Holmes, of Ales Hrdlicka to a position in the U.S. National Museum.
Abstract: BEGINNINGS The Smithsonian Institution, in which the Bureau of American Ethnology (BAE) was lodged administratively throughout its existence, was founded in 1846 after rancorous congressional debate about the relative merits of using James Smithson's bequest for establishing a national library, for training teachers, for an astronomical observatory, for mineralogical collection, or for other diverse purposes (Washburn 1965: 24-27). Joseph Henry, a distinguished physicist who was professor of science at Princeton, was appointed its secretary and his plans for research immediately included archaeology, linguistics, and the acquisition of material for museum exhibits. Henry excluded physical (biological) anthropology because, as Curtis Hinsley (1981: 22) expresses it, he found it "politically explosive and morally repugnant." It was not until 1903 that the Smithsonian included physical anthropology in its research, with the appointment, by William H. Holmes, of Ales Hrdlicka to a position in the U.S. National Museum. In the Institution's first year Henry Rowe Schoolcraft had submitted to the regents "A Plan for the Investigation of American Ethnology" that urged research on the earthworks of the Mississippi Valley, creation of a Library of Philology, and acquisition of artifact collections from Indian tribes for a Museum of Mankind; ethnology at that time was equivalent to what we call anthropology today. This plan closely paralleled Joseph Henry's own program. The importance that the Institution placed on archaeology from its very first years was symbolized by the inauguration in 1848 of the series Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge with the landmark volume Ancient Monuments of the MissisRi chard B. Woodbury is professor emeritus

8 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
10 Dec 1999-Science
TL;DR: In this article, geneticists combined DNA and linguistic data from Melanesia to make a new case in last month's American Journal of Physical Anthropology that the archipelago was only a way station.
Abstract: ANTHROPOLOGYResearchers have long debated the origins of the ancestors of the Polynesian people who settled the islands of the East Pacific Geneticists argue that seafaring proto-Polynesians originated in Southeast Asia and quickly island-hopped eastward, sweeping through Melanesia in the West Pacific along the way; archaeologists argue that Polynesian ancestors originated in Melanesia itself, a hotbed of human diversity with a 45,000-year record of habitation Now geneticists have combined DNA and linguistic data from Melanesia to make a new case in last month's American Journal of Physical Anthropology that the archipelago was only a way station

2 citations