Biological anthropology

About: Biological anthropology is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1126 publications have been published within this topic receiving 12757 citations. The topic is also known as: biological anthropology & somatology.

The Single Species Hypothesis

Abstract: Pilbeam, D., and M. Zwell 1973 The Single Species Hypothesis, Sexual Dimorphism, and Variability in Early Hominids. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology, 1972 16:69-79. Robinson, J. T. 1972 Early Hominid Posture and Locomotion. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Tuttle, R. 1974 Darwin's Apes, Dental Apes, and the Descent of Man: Normal Science in Evolutionary Anthropology. Current Anthropology 15:389-398. Wolpoff, M. H. 19 71 In te rstitial Wear. American

Gender and the Academic Career in North American Anthropology: Differentiating Intramarket From Extramarket Bias

Abstract: CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY MELLARS, P. A. 1989. Major issues in the emergence of modem humans. CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY 3°:349-85. MERCIER, N., H. VALLADAS, J. L. JORON, J. L. REYSS, F. LE­ VEQUE, AND B. VANDERMEERSCH. 1991. Thermolumines­ cence dating of the late Neanderthal remains from Saint­ Cesaire. Nature 351:737-39. MESSERI, P. 1975. UResti uID3ni (denti e patti dell/alto inferiorel provenienti da strati rnusteriani in grotta a Marina eli Came­ rata {Salerno). Atti della XVII Riuru'one Scienti{ica, pp. 171­ 86. Firenze: Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria. MILES, A. E. w. 1963. The dentition in the assessment of indi­ vidual age in skeletal material, in Dental anthropology. Ed­ ited by D. R. Brothwell, pp. 191-209. Oxford: Pergamon Press. MOLNAR, S. 1971. Human tooth wear, tooth function, and cul­ tural variability. American Journal of Physical Anthropology MUSSI, M., AND D. ZAMPETTI. 1991. Le site mousterien de Grotta Barbara. Quatewaria Nova 1:277-87. os BORN, J. W. 1982. Helicoidal plane of dental occlusion. Amer· ican Journal of Physical Anthropology 57:273-81. PALMA 01 CESNOLA, A. 1989. L'Uluzzien: Facies italien du Lep­ tolithique archaique. L'Anthropologie 93:783-811. PIPERNO, M., AND G. SCICHILONE. Editors. 1991. The Circeo 1 Neanclertal skull: Studies and documentation. Rome: Isti­ tuto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato. ROSSETTI, 1'., AND G. ZANZI. 1991. Technological approach to reduction sequences of the lithic industry from Grotta Breuil. Quatemaria Nova 1:351-65. RUffO, M., AND A. ZARATTINI. 1991. The Grotta delle Capre at San Felice Circeo: Further investigations. Quaternaria Nova SCHWARCZ, H. P., A. BlETTI, W. H. BUHAY, M. C. STINER, R. GRUN, AND A. G. SEGIU. 1991. On the reexamination of Grotta Guattari: Uranium-series and electron-spin-resonance dates. CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY 32:313-16. SCHWARCZ, H. 1'., W. BUHAY, R. GRUN, M. C. STINER, S. KUHN, AND G. H. MILLER. 1991. Absolute dating of sites in coastal Lazio. Quaternaria Nova 1:51-67. SERGI, S. 1954. La mandibola neandertaliana Circeo II. Rivista di Antropologia 41:305-44. s., AND A. ASCENZI. 1955. La rnandibola neandenali­ ana Circeo III (mandibola B). Rivista di Antropologia 42:337­ SERGI, Les origines de l'homme modeme en Europe centrale: Un cas de continuite, in Aux origines d'Homo sapiens. Edited by J. J. Hublin and A-M. Tillier, pp. 25 1~90. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. STINER, M. C. 199Ia. Ungulate exploitation in the Terminal Mousterian of Italy: The case of Grotta Breuil. Quatemaria SMITH, F. H., AND E. TRINKA US. 1992. Nova 1:333-50. The cultural significance of Grotta Guattari recon­ sidered. I. The faunal remains from Grotta Guattari: A tapho­ nomic perspective. CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY 32:103-17, - - . 1991b. Honor among thieves: A zooarchaeological study of Neandertal ecology. Princeton: Princeton University Press. STINER, M. C., AND S. 1. KUHN. 1992. Subsistence, technol­ ogy, and adaptive variation in Middle Paleolithic Italy. Ameri­ can Anthropologist 94:306-39· STRINGER, C. B. 1988. Thc datcs of Eden. Nature 331:565-66. STRINGER, c. B., AND P. ANDREWS. 1988. Genetic and fossil evidcnce for the origin of modem humans. Science 239:1263­ c. B., AND R. GRUN. derthals. Nature 351:701-2. STRINGER, Time for the last Nean­ STRINGER, C. B., J. J. HUBLIN, AND B. VANDERMEERSCH. 1984. The origin of anatomically modem humans in Western Europe,}} in The origins of modern humans: A world survey of the fossil evidence. Edited by F, Smith and F. Spencer, pp. 51­ 135. New York: Alan R. Liss. TASCHINI, M. 1979. L'industrie lithique de Grotta Guattari au Mont Circe (Latiuml: Definition culturelle, typologique et chro­ nologique du Pontinien. Quaternana 21: I 79-247. TOBIAS, P. v. 1967. Olduvai Gorge. Vol. 2. The cranium and maxillary dentition of Australopithecus (Zinjanthropusl boisei. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. TRINKAUS, E. 1983. The Shanidar Neandertals. New York: Aca­ demic Press. TWIESSELMAN, F. 1941. Methode pour l'evaluation de l'epais­ seur des parois craniennes. Bulletin, Musee Royale d'Histoire Naturelle Belgique 1]:1-33. Human skeletal remains: Excavation, analysis, interpretation. Chicago: Aldine. VANDERMEERSCH, B. 1989. L'extinction des Neandertaliens, in L'homme de Neandertal, vol. 7, L'extinction. Edited by B. Vandermeersch, pp. 11-21. Liege: ERAUL. WHITE, T. D., AND N. TOTH. 1991. The cultural significance of Grotta Guattari reconsidered. 2. The question of ritual canni· balism at Grotta Guattari. CURRENT AJ'I.'THROPOLOGY 32:118­ UBELAKER, D. H. 1978. WOLPOFF, M. H. 1979. The Krapina dental remains. Amen'can Journal of Physical Anthropology 50:67-114. WU, 1., AND C. G. TURNER II. 1993. Variation in the fre­ quency and form of the lower permanent molar middle tri­ gonid crest. American Joumal of Physical Anthropology Gender and the Academic Career in North American Anthropology: Differentiating Intramarket from Extramarket BiasI E. A. HAMMEL, CARL MASON, ARIADNE PRATER, AND ROBERT LUNDY Departments of Demography and Anthropology (Hammell/Department of Demography (Masonl/ International and Area Studies Training Program (Prater), University of California, Berkeley, Calif· 94720/ Dialog Information Systems, Palo Alto, Calif. 94305 (LundYI, U.S.A. 27 IX 94 Professional employment in anthropology is concen­ trated in academia. Most graduate training in anthropol­ ogy continues to stress the classical academic career, most aspirants for the doctorate express an intention to enter such careers, and over 80% of professionally active anthropologists are occupied with teaching and research in postsecondary academic milieux. Anthropology has also been dominated by men, both in numbers and pres­ tige, although in contrast to the situation in some other scientific disciplines, there have always been enough, and enough distinguished, women profeSSionals to allow I. © 1995 by The Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research. All rights reserved 0011-3204195/3602-0008$1.00. Our use of the phrase North American in the title means North America north of Mexico, and it should be clear that in numerical tenns events in the United States dominate the analysis.

Unity and diversity: Genetic studies on the population of China

Abstract: Biological Anthropology was established in the 19th century, prior to the acceptance of Wallace and Darwin's theory of natural selection and the re-discovery of Mendel's work on Pisum sativum. Initially named Physical Anthropology, it relied on the analysis of physical traits and used mainly fossils (especially human bones) as evidence of the human evolutionary process. With the establishment of the Darwinian Theory and its re-definition as the Modern Synthesis, anthropologists had access to new forms of data, and many began to call themselves "biological anthropologists". In the beginning of the 20th century Biological Anthropology initiated a new era, with biochemical genetics and later with the direct study of DNA. “Old” questions, such as the shared ancestry of humans and the great apes or the impact of evolutionary forces on population structure, were now able to be scrutinized using these newly developed tools. The displacement of the analysis of diversity from phenotypic traits towards the study of the genetic basis of variation has demanded theoretical, methodological and technical developments. With new technologies being rapidly introduced in the Anthropological field and with the establishment of genomic databases, a great amount of comprehensive genetic data has been collected for populations around the world. The expanding amount of information derived from genome-wide polymorphism analysis is expected to have a dramatic impact on our perception of the human evolutionary history, as well as on aspects related with human health. Furthermore, advances in molecular genetic methodologies have enabled the recovery of DNA fragments from ancient remains, thus allowing the direct study of the genetic pool of extinct populations, and therefore contributing with new evidences for the origin of our species. This volume starts with the contextualization of the emergence of genetic markers and its impact in the advances of Biological Anthropology. Tools and theoretical methods that are presently used in this field are addressed, and their application to various pertinent topics in Anthropology (such as the peopling of the Americas or the relation among primates) is also revised. Moreover, a great attention is put toward ancient DNA studies, not only in its applications but also in its controversial use and problems.