Topic
Biomass to liquid
About: Biomass to liquid is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1923 publications have been published within this topic receiving 74408 citations.
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TL;DR: A review of the recent developments in the wood pyrolysis and reports the characteristics of the resulting bio-oils, which are the main products of fast wood pyrotechnics, can be found in this paper.
Abstract: Fast pyrolysis utilizes biomass to produce a product that is used both as an energy source and a feedstock for chemical production. Considerable efforts have been made to convert wood biomass to liquid fuels and chemicals since the oil crisis in mid-1970s. This review focuses on the recent developments in the wood pyrolysis and reports the characteristics of the resulting bio-oils, which are the main products of fast wood pyrolysis. Virtually any form of biomass can be considered for fast pyrolysis. Most work has been performed on wood, because of its consistency and comparability between tests. However, nearly 100 types of biomass have been tested, ranging from agricultural wastes such as straw, olive pits, and nut shells to energy crops such as miscanthus and sorghum. Forestry wastes such as bark and thinnings and other solid wastes, including sewage sludge and leather wastes, have also been studied. In this review, the main (although not exclusive) emphasis has been given to wood. The literature on woo...
4,988 citations
TL;DR: A review of catalytic strategies to produce bio-fuels from aqueous solutions of carbohydrates, which are isolated through biomass pretreatment and hydrolysis is presented in this paper.
2,008 citations
TL;DR: The conversion technologies for utilizing biomass can be separated into four basic categories: direct combustion processes, thermochemical processes, biochemical processes and agrochemical processes as discussed by the authors, which can be subdivided into gasification, pyrolysis, supercritical fluid extraction and direct liquefaction.
1,578 citations
TL;DR: A review of modern biomass-based transportation fuels such as fuels from Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, bioethanol, fatty acid (m)ethylester, biomethanol, and biohydrogen are briefly reviewed in this paper.
1,505 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an extensive literature review of the three main groups of catalysts, which have been evaluated for the elimination of these hydrocarbons, are dolomite, alkali metals and nickel.
1,126 citations