Biomphalaria alexandrina

About: Biomphalaria alexandrina is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 413 publications have been published within this topic receiving 3781 citations.

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and antioxidant activity of punica granatum l. peels and its role as immunostimulant against schistosoma mansoni infection in biomphalaria alexandrina

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant activity and chemical composition of Punica granatum L. and test it as immunostimulants against Schistosoma mansoni infection to Biomphalaria alexandrina snails. Methods: Antioxidant activity was evaluated by measuring the free radical scavenging activity of the 90% defatted methanol extract (90% DM) of P. granatum peels and its sub-derived fractions was evaluated via 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and its chemical constituents were identified via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. B. alexandrina snails were exposed to pomegranate extracts (PEs) for 1 month before their challenging with S. mansoni miracidia. Infection rates, immunological and histological parameters were, then, evaluated in PE-exposed snails and compared to controls. R esults: The antioxidants activities of PE, expressed as scavenging concentration at 50%, were in the following order; 90% DM (12.45) ˃ n -butanol(15.59) ˃ethyl acetate (21.36) ˃water (49.16) µg/ml, compared to 7.50 µg/ml for ascorbic acid. The infection rates of PE-exposed snails were 20%,50%, 60%, 70%, and 80%, respectively, for 90% DM, n -butanol, ethyl acetate, water, and dichloromethane extracts compared to 95% in control snails. The number of amoebocytes showed a significant increase, clear differentiation, and size increment in exposed snails compared to controls. Moreover, hermaphrodite glands histology shows a full maturity in the formation of reproductive cells in PE-exposed snails. The GC-MS analysis of the 90% DM extract revealed the presence of 36 compounds representing 93.1% of the total composition. Piperidin-4-ol, 1,3-dimethyl-2,4,6-triphenyl (19.87%), and 6,11-dihydroxy-5,12 naphthacenequinone-1-carboxylic acid (7.80%) were the major components. C onclusion: The identified compounds in 90% DM extract of P. granatum may be responsible for the high antioxidant activity of the fruit and it may account for its immunostimulatory effect against S. mansoni infection in B. alexandrina . Ke ywords: Punica granatum L., Antioxidant activity, Biomphalaria alexandrina, Schistosoma mansoni , Infection rate, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

On the pathogenicity of attenuated Schistosoma mansoni cercariae released from metabolically disturbed Biomphalaria alexandrina.

Abstract: Biomphalaria alexandrina were treated with sublethal concentrations (LC10) of dry powdered leaves Solanum nigrum or whole dry Ambrosia maritima. The two plants affected the development of schistosome parasite within snails by disturbing the glycolytic flux, the most important metabolic pathway for schistosome-infected snails. Attenuated cercariae released from treated snails were used to infect male albino mice to evaluate their pathogenicity compared to control cercariae shed from untreated snails. The mean number of worms established declined from about 70 +/- 17.6 worms/mouse infected with control cercariae to 23.4 +/- 20.33 and 14.18 +/- 10.06 worms/mouse infected with S. nigrum and A. maritima-attenuated cercariae respectively. Most males and females detected in these animals measured 0.4-0.6 and 0.6-1.2 mm respectively compared to 1.2-1.4 and 1.4-1.7 mm in males and females released from mice infected with normal cercariae. Egg count in the liver and intestine of mice infected with attenuated cercariae was remarkably lower showing reduced fecundity of worms developed from attenuated cercariae. Number and size of granulomatous reactions showed remarkable reduction in attenuated cercariae-infected mice. Biochemical analyses for pathogenicity achieved with attenuated cercariae showed that while serum aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST &ALT) were more or less similar, depleted glycogen and elevated lipid peroxides were normalized when compared to those infected with normal cercariae.

Semi field trials to control Biomphalaria alexandrina by different modes of exposure to certain plant and chemical molluscicides.

Abstract: Semi-field trials were carried out in Snail Research Station under simulated natural conditions to evaluate different modes of exposure to Anagallis arvensis and Calendula micrantha as plant molluscicides and bayluscide and copper sulphate as chemical molluscicides Firstly, B alexandrina were exposed to the tested molluscicides alone and in addition to two densities of aquatic plants No apparent effect of aquatic plants on the activity of both plant and chemical molluscicides, this may be due that the two densities of the aquatic plants used were insufficient to interfere with the molluscicides action Secondly, snails were pre-exposed to three sub-lethal concentrations of the plant molluscicides for 24h then to three concentrations of the chemical molluscicides and vice versa The results indicate that the pre-exposure increases the snail mortality significantly in all treatments of bayluscide and A arvensis (except in the highest concentration when the snails firstly exposed to bayluscide then to A arvensis, where the two compared treatment showed 100%) and in all treatments of bayluscide and C micrantha Also, in one treatment of copper sulphate and A arvensis (in the highest concentration when the snails firstly exposed to A arvensis then to copper sulphate) and in three treatments of copper sulphate and C micrantha, (in least and moderate concentrations when snails firstly exposed to C micrantha then to copper sulphate and in the highest concentration when snails firstly exposed to copper sulphate then to C micrantha) Thirdly, snails were exposed to mixtures of six different ratios of bayluscide and each of A arvensis and C micrantha The results indicated that the snail mortality increased significantly only in the first treatment of bayluscide and A arvensis mixtures and in treatment number 6 of bayluscide and C micrantha

Cryptostegia Grandiflora Affecting Compatibility of Biomphalaria Alexandrina and Biomphalaria Galabrata to Infection With Schistosoma Mansoni With Emphasis on Some Hematological Effects

Abstract: Cryptostegia grandiflora showed considerable mollluscicidal effect against Biomphalaria alexandrina and Biomphalaria galabrata intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni. The effect of Cryptostegia grandiflora on the infection rate and morphology and number of snail haemocytes were studied under light and electron microscope. The sublethal concentrations (LC0, LC10, LC25) of the Latex aqueous solution of C. grandiflora were 0.88, 4.4 and 5.6 ppm for B. alexandrina and 3.5, 6.6 and 8.3 ppm for B. galabrata respectively. The susceptibility of B. alexandrina and B. galabrata snails, maintained at LC10 of Latex solution for 3-days perior miracidial exposure, to infection with S. mansoni was greatly reduced by 55.5 % and 58.9 % in comparison with control groups 66.7 % and 14.6 % respectively. Light microscopic investigation recorded that there are three types of haemocytes distributed in the haemolymph of B. alexandrina and B. galabrata snail. These cells are distinguished morphologically according to their shape, size and number. These cells are named granulocytes (50.9 %), hyalinocytes (19.1 %) and ameobocytes (30 %) in case of B. alexandrina and (28.4 %), (20.9 %) and (50.7 %) in case of B. galabrata respectively. After exposure to LC10 of C. grandiflora for three days cause a significante decrease in mean number of granulocytes in B. alexandrina and B. galabrata being (43 %) and (25 %) with a percentage reduction 15.5 % and 12.1 % respectively. This mean number of cells after exposure of snails to S. mansoni miracidia becomes 42 % and 26.3 % with a percentage reduction 17.4 % and 7.5 % in both snail species respectively. There was a high percentage reduction in the number of granulocytes of B. alexandrina and B. galabrata snails after exposure to infection and LC10 of C. grandiflora at the same time being 29.6 % and 18.0 % respectively. While in the case of amoebocytes cells, the mean number showed a highly significant increase after exposure to S. mansoni miracidia being 47.0 % and 55.9 % with increasing percent 56.7 % and 10.1 % in B. alexandrina and B. galabrata snails respectively. This mean number reached to 44.1 % and 61.0 % when B. alexandrina and B. galabrata exposed to LC10 of C. grandiflora for three days then exposure to Schistosoma mansoni miracidia with increasing percent 47.1 % and 20.3 % respectively. Electron microscopic examination showed apoptotic effect, nuclear chromatin fragmentation vacuolated cytoplasm and fagocytosis characters are seen clearly in amoeboied cells.

Effect of six non-target snails on Schistosoma mansoni miracidial host finding and infection of Biomphalaria alexandrina under laboratory conditions.

Abstract: Six snail species naturally associated with Biomphalaria alexandrina, the snail host of Schistosoma mansoni in Egypt, were tested under standard laboratory conditions, for impact on miracidial host findings and infection of the snail host. These snails are the prosobranchs Melanoides tuberculata, Cleopatra bulimoides, Bellamys unicolor and Lanistes carinatus, the pulmonates Planorbis planorbis and Physa acuta. The tested snail ssp. reduced considerably the infection rate of Biomphalaria with S. mansoni especially at a ratio of 10 decoy snails to one Biomphalaria snail. The prosobranchs Melanoides, Cleopatra and Lanistes exhibited more reducing effect on Biomphalaria infection than Bellamya and the pulmonates Physa and Planorbis being 65.2%, 78.8%, 62.9%, 33.3%, 30.3% and 46.9%, respectively.