Showing papers on "Bioreactor published in 2022"
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TL;DR: In this paper , the performance and the membrane fouling features of an electrode ultrafiltration membrane bioreactor (EMBR) fed with cosmetics wastewater were compared with a conventional ultra-filtering membrane biOREactor (UMBR), and the results showed the COD removal efficiency increased by 4.43%.
Abstract: The membrane fouling problem of the membrane bioreactor (MBR) for wastewater treatment reduces the membrane flux and the pollutants removal efficiencies, which is the major obstacle limiting its application and should be properly solved. The combination of membrane and electricity can effectively slow down the membrane fouling rate due to electric repulsion between the pollutants and the membrane. In this study, the performance and the membrane fouling features of an electrode ultrafiltration membrane bioreactor (EMBR) fed with cosmetics wastewater were compared with a conventional ultrafiltration membrane bioreactor (UMBR). The results showed the COD removal efficiency increased by 4.43% and the transmembrane pressure (TMP) reduced by 50% in the EMBR as compared with the UMBR. The specific surface areas of electrode ultrafiltration membrane and conventional ultrafiltration membrane declined by 56.9% and 78.8% after 90 days of operation, respectively. The Protein (PN), polysaccharide (PS) and humic acids (HA) in the cake layer of EMBR were only 61.27%, 78.37% and 34.85% of that of UMBR, which contributed to its loose and porous structure and thus decreased the growth rate of TMP and extended the operation cycle. Extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory calculation proved that the energy barrier between the electrode ultrafiltration membrane and the pollutants was 50% higher than that between the conventional ultrafiltration membrane and the pollutants. Therefore, the strong anti-fouling property of the electrode ultrafiltration membrane could reduce the chemicals dosage and manpower consumption for membrane cleaning and could be preferred for the treatment of cosmetics or alike wastewater containing high concentrations of surfactants and fatty acids.
46 citations
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TL;DR: In this article , the authors summarized the application of MBBR technology for wastewater treatment and discussed the importance of bacterial biofilm and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), anammox-n-DAMO coupled processes, and carrier surface modifications in MBBR.
35 citations
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TL;DR: In this article , the feasibility of using an algal photo-bioreactor as an integrated algal-bacterial treatment system combined with a dissolved air flotation (DAF) system for the deduction of COD, BOD 5 , TSS, TN and TP from primary treated wastewater (PTW).
Abstract: This research explores the feasibility of using an algal photo-bioreactor as an integrated algal-bacterial treatment system combined with a dissolved air flotation (DAF) system for the deduction of COD, BOD 5 , TSS, TN and TP from primary treated wastewater (PTW). Isolated algae species of Anomoeoneis, Scenedesmus, Anabaena and Spirulina at fixed hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 16 h were used to conduct batch experiments to determine optimum conditions of pH, temperature, light intensity and mixing rate on the removal rates of contaminants. The optimum removal rates were studied at neutral pH, 25 °C, light intensity of 90 μmol m −2 S −1 and 100 rpm mixing rate. A scaled-up pilot plant treatment system was designed, constructed and operated to evaluate the system performance to treat (0.1 L/min) of primary treated wastewater disposed of ZENIN WWTP-Giza, Egypt. The design criteria of the algal photo-bioreactor were acquired from the batch investigations. The plant was operated for 10 continuous days and the analytical analysis was performed twice a day at a fixed time. The DAF system was used to isolate the infiltrated algae from the system for cultivation and reuse purposes. The achieved results revealed the superior COD, BOD 5 , TSS, TN and TP removal percent reached in average 56.4%, 61%, 59.2%, 48.3% and 51.7% at 12 pm and 49.7%, 54.9%, 52.4%, 39% and 40.57% at 12 am, respectively. All data gained from experimental studies demonstrated the efficiency of using algal photo-bioreactor combined with DAF system as an effective wastewater treatment technique. • Algal-bacterial and DAF integrated treatment system is effective for wastewater treatment. • Operating parameters, such as pH, temperature, light intensity and mixing rate were optimized. • A scaled-up pilot plant treatment system was designed for the removal of some contaminants. • COD, BOD 5 , TSS, TN and TP were successfully removed from primary treated wastewater.
31 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper , the performance of the activated sludge bioreactor system (ASBS) for the treatment of pulp and paper industry wastewater (PPIW) was characterized.
Abstract: The pulp and paper industry has been recognized as one of the largest users of water worldwide. Water is used in nearly every step of the manufacturing process. It generates significant amounts of wastewater and leftover sludge, creating several problems for wastewater treatment, discharge, and sludge disposal. Adopting the most effective and economical treatment techniques before discharging wastewater is therefore crucial. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the performance of the activated sludge bioreactor system (ASBS) for the treatment of pulp and paper industry wastewater (PPIW). The PPIW was characterized. During the experiment, the domestic and PPIW wastewater were run at a fixed HRT of 1 day. Subsequently, the ASBS was evaluated by varying the HRT and OLR. The HRT was varied in the range of 3, 2, and 1 day. At a fixed HRT of 2 days, the maximum and minimum COD removal were 88.4 and 63.2%. Throughout the study, the ASBS demonstrated higher treatment efficiency in terms of COD removal. First order, Grau second order, and modified Stover Kincannon biokinetic models were applied for the study. The biokinetic investigation shows that the modified stover kinetic model was more appropriate for the description of the experimental data in terms of microbial growth parameters. Thus, the kinetic coefficients obtained in this study could be used for the bioreactor scale-up. The study has also proven that the biosorbent made from biomass waste can potentially help preserve non-renewable resources and promote zero-waste attainment and principles of a circular bioeconomy.
26 citations
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TL;DR: In this article , a novel strategy involving the selection of slow-growing organisms and the addition of carriers in an anaerobic-aerobic -anoxic-anoxic sequencing batch reactor (AN/O/AX_SBR) was tested.
Abstract: The aerobic granular sludge (AGS) process is a promising technology for wastewater treatment. However, a long start-up period for granulation and instability during long-term operation still hinder the application of AGS technology, especially for low-strength wastewater. To solve these two problems, this study tested a novel strategy involving the selection of slow-growing organisms and the addition of carriers in an anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic sequencing batch reactor (AN/O/AX_SBR). Three identical AN/O/AX_SBRs (R_Ctrl, R_CCM, and R_GAC), fed with low-strength wastewater, were operated for 120 days. R_Ctrl had no carriers, R_CCM contained cell culture microcarriers (CCM), and R_GAC contained granular activated carbon (GAC). Mature AGS was achieved within 80 days in all reactors. The carriers could reduce the maturation period of AGS by approximately 10 days (76, 66, and 69 days in R_Ctrl, R_CCM, and R_GAC, respectively) and improve the physical strength of the AGS. AGS showed a strong structure without excessive proliferation of filamentous bacteria, full-grown size (900-1100 μm), and good settleability (SVI5 was 15.4-19.4 mL/g). Microbiological analysis showed that AN/O/AX_SBRs can provide a metabolic selective pressure to select slow-growing organisms such as nitrifying bacteria (norank_f__NS9_marine_group, Ellin6067, and Nitrospira), glycogen and phosphorus accumulating organisms (GAOs: Candidatus_Competibacter and Defluviicoccus; PAOs: Candidatus_Accumulibacter and Flavobacterium). All reactors showed good performance for simultaneous nitrification, endogenous denitrification, and phosphorus removal. The removal efficiencies of total nitrogen and total phosphorous were above 70% and 80%, respectively. The cycle test showed intermediate PAO-GAO metabolism prevailed in the system, and endogenous denitrification was primarily carried out by denitrifying GAOs.
24 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper , the effects of sludge retention time (SRT) on microbial dynamics and community assemblages are investigated in thermal hydrolysis process assisted anaerobic digestion (AD) systems.
23 citations
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TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated the effectiveness of extended aeration system (EAS) and rice straw activated carbon-extended aeration systems (RAC-EAS), in the treatment of pulp and paper biorefinery effluent (PPBE).
Abstract: This study investigated the effectiveness of extended aeration system (EAS) and rice straw activated carbon-extended aeration system (RAC-EAS) in the treatment of pulp and paper biorefinery effluent (PPBE). RAC-EAS focused on the efficient utilization of lignocellulosic biomass waste (rice straw) as a biosorbent in the treatment process. The experiment was designed by response surface methodology (RSM) and conducted using a bioreactor that operated at 1–3 days hydraulic retention times (HRT) with PPBE concentrations at 20, 60 and 100%. The bioreactor was fed with real PPBE having initial ammonia-N and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations that varied between 11.74 and 59.02 mg/L and 31–161 mg/L, respectively. Findings from the optimized approach by RSM indicated 84.51% and 91.71% ammonia-N and 77.62% and 84.64% total phosphorus reduction in concentration for EAS and RAC-EAS, respectively, with high nitrification rate observed in both bioreactors. Kinetic model optimization indicated that modified stover models was the best suited and were statistically significant (R2 ≥ 0.98) in the analysis of substrate removal rates for ammonia-N and total phosphorus. Maximum nutrients elimination was attained at 60% PPBE and 48 h HRT. Therefore, the model can be utilized in the design and optimization of EAS and RAC-EAS systems and consequently in the prediction of bioreactor behavior.
23 citations
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TL;DR: A complete explanation of breakthroughs in lab-based and pilot-scale research is provided, demonstrating how different bioreactors and commercialization aspects are poised to be integral in developing sustainable energy as discussed by the authors .
23 citations
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TL;DR: In this article , a comprehensive review of the effects of pharmaceuticals in the activated sludge characteristics and identifying the fouling mechanism is presented, and significant knowledge gaps and recent advances in fouling mitigation strategies are discussed.
22 citations
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TL;DR: The process driven by the bioreactor-nanozyme system is sixfold enhanced compared to the homogeneous mixture of the biocatalysts, due to its operation in the confined environment of the nanoparticles.
Abstract: Biocatalytic cascades are challenging to operate in homogeneous solution, where diffusional mass transport hinders efficient communication between the reactive components. There is great interest in developing devices to perform such transformations in confined environments, which increase the efficiency of the cascaded process by generating high local concentrations of the reactive species. Herein, a bioreactor-nanozyme assembly is introduced for the cascaded aerobic oxidation of N-hydroxy-l-arginine (NOHA) to citrulline in the presence of glucose. The reaction mimics a key step in the nitric oxide synthase oxidation of l-arginine in nature. The system consists of glucose oxidase (GOx)-loaded hemin/G-quadruplex (hemin/G4)-modified ZIF-90 metal-organic framework nanoparticles. The aerobic oxidation of glucose by GOx yields H2 O2 that fuels the hemin/G4-catalyzed oxidation of NOHA into citrulline. The process driven by the bioreactor-nanozyme system is ≈sixfold enhanced compared to the homogeneous mixture of the biocatalysts, due to its operation in the confined environment of the nanoparticles. Extension to a three-step cascade is then demonstrated using a bioreactor composed of β-galactosidase/GOx-loaded hemin/G4-modified ZIF-90 nanoparticles activating the cascaded oxidation of NOHA to citrulline, in the presence of lactose. Moreover, the bioreactor-nanozyme hybrid is applied as a functional optical sensor of glucose, using fluorescence or chemiluminescence as readout signals.
22 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper , a novel polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate with biochar (PVA/SA@biochar) gel beads immobilized bioreactor was established to remove nitrate, manganese, and phenol.
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TL;DR: In this article , a review of Membrane Distillation (MD) bioreactor (MDBR) systems is presented with a focus on system performance and removal efficiencies and the potential of MDBR to widen wastewater reuse and achieve nutrient and biogas recovery.
Abstract: Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) have been well established as an advanced wastewater treatment technology that combines activated sludge with a pressure-driven membrane separation process. They have been widely applied in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment systems due to their advantages over conventional activated sludge systems. However, MBRs still face major issues hindering their widespread implementation such as poor effluent quality due to low retention of trace organic contaminants, instability due to changing operating conditions, and organic membrane fouling. Membrane distillation (MD) bioreactor (MDBR) is a novel wastewater treatment technology that combines MBRs with an MD unit either separated at a side stream or submerged in the bioreactor. The concept of hybrid MDBR configuration was firstly introduced in 2007 which was followed by numerous journal articles. These studies demonstrated the MDBR potential for water, nutrients, bioenergy, and other value-added product recovery from domestic and industrial wastewater; however, there is still a lack of a comprehensive study that shows the full MDBR potential. Hence there is a need for a dedicated review that summarize and critically analyse these research findings and highlight the research gaps to provide clear path for future research. This review presents system availability and applications of hybrid MDBR. In particular, the review presents brief introduction of MBR and MD technologies followed by covering the evolution of MDBR as a novel technology for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment. Several applications of MDBR systems are reviewed with a focus on system performance and removal efficiencies. The potential of MDBR to widen wastewater reuse and achieve nutrient and biogas recovery is also presented. Finally, the main challenges that hinder the development of MDBR are discussed while recommendations on future perspectives towards MDBR commercialization are suggested.
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TL;DR: In this article , the use of coated/Fe0 with Mg(OH)2 to enhance the production rate of methane gas from the degradation of waste sludge was applied for the first time.
Abstract: In response to the low efficiency of the anaerobic digestion (AD) process in generating methane gas, we apply for the first time the use of coated/Fe0 with Mg(OH)2 to enhance the production rate of methane gas from the degradation of waste sludge. A series of batch tests investigated several operations factors followed by a semi-continuous operation system examined the long-term production of methane gas in the presence of the coated/Fe0 were performed. The coating ratio of Mg(OH)2/Fe0 and the dosage of coated/Fe0 were optimized to acquire the highest production rate of methane as 0.5% and 25mg/gVS, respectively. Under these optimum conditions, the methane production increased by 46.6% in the batch tests and 120% in the semi-continuous operation system compared to the control reactor. The results revealed that both Fe0 and Mg(OH)2 did not significantly improve the production of methane when each one was used alone at different dosages, and the improved methane production originated from the synergetic effect of combining these two materials. The crucial role of Mg(OH)2 coating layer was associated with the controlled reactivity release of Fe0, which was indicated by the slow release of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in the bioreactors. Furthermore, the addition of coated/Fe0 stimulated bacterial growth, increased methane content, and maintained the pH within the optimum range in the bioreactors. The dosing time of coated/Fe0 was investigated during the four stages of AD process, and the best dosing time was found in the methanogenic stage (on Day 4). Overall, based on the experimental and predicted methane production, the coated/Fe0 has a great potential for the practical applications of AD.
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TL;DR: In this paper , a custom-built bioreactor with capacitive stimulation delivery system was used to investigate the cellular responses of human mesenchymal stem cells via in-vitro functional assays.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a coupled system consisting of ozonation and moving-bed-biofilm submerged membrane bioreactor (MBBF-SMBR) was comprehensively evaluated for SGW treatment.
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TL;DR: In this paper , a coupled system consisting of ozonation and moving-bed-biofilm submerged membrane bioreactor (MBBF-SMBR) was comprehensively evaluated for SGW treatment.
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TL;DR: In this paper , a novel biodegradable PHBV/PLA/rice hulls (PPRH) composite was applied and tested as biofilm attachment carrier and carbon source in two bioreactors for biological denitrification process.
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TL;DR: In this article, a novel biodegradable PHBV/PLA/rice hulls composite was applied and tested as biofilm attachment carrier and carbon source in two bioreactors for biological denitrification process.
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TL;DR: In this article , the authors present the up-to-date developments of media used in both aerobic and anaerobic AGMBRs for treating wastewaters containing conventional and emerging pollutants.
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TL;DR: In this paper , the authors used a unique strategy to recover deteriorated single-stage partial nitritation-anammox (PNA) systems and explored the mechanism of rapid performance recovery.
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TL;DR: In this paper , two partial nitritation-anammox (PNA) systems with and without carriers were implemented simultaneously for treating wastewater containing 50 mg-NH4/L. The performance characteristics of these two PNA systems were compared.
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TL;DR: A gravity-driven dynamic membrane bioreactors with GAC addition (G-DMBR) was operated under constant pressure filtration mode (using 20 cm water head) for real domestic wastewater treatment as mentioned in this paper .
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TL;DR: In this article , the phenanthrene desorption from sediments using Tween® 80 (TW80) as extracting agent and the treatment of the resulting spent SW solution in a biochar (BC) immobilized-cell bioreactor was proposed.
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TL;DR: In this paper , the authors proposed construction of stacked systems with up to 15m 2 of duckweed per m 2 of floorspace, where the water depth is restricted to about 5 cm.
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TL;DR: In this paper , a review of laboratory-scale photobioreactors and their different designs is presented, focusing on the criteria for selection and operation of phototrophic bioprocesses with microalgae or cyanobacteria.
Abstract: Phototrophic microorganisms that convert carbon dioxide are being explored for their capacity to solve different environmental issues and produce bioactive compounds for human therapeutics and as food additives. Full-scale phototrophic cultivation of microalgae and cyanobacteria can be done in open ponds or closed photobioreactor systems, which have a broad range of volumes. This review focuses on laboratory-scale photobioreactors and their different designs. Illuminated microtiter plates and microfluidic devices offer an option for automated high-throughput studies with microalgae. Illuminated shake flasks are used for simple uncontrolled batch studies. The application of illuminated bubble column reactors strongly emphasizes homogenous gas distribution, while illuminated flat plate bioreactors offer high and uniform light input. Illuminated stirred-tank bioreactors facilitate the application of very well-defined reaction conditions. Closed tubular photobioreactors as well as open photobioreactors like small-scale raceway ponds and thin-layer cascades are applied as scale-down models of the respective large-scale bioreactors. A few other less common designs such as illuminated plastic bags or aquarium tanks are also used mainly because of their relatively low cost, but up-scaling of these designs is challenging with additional light-driven issues. Finally, this review covers recommendations on the criteria for photobioreactor selection and operation while up-scaling of phototrophic bioprocesses with microalgae or cyanobacteria.
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TL;DR: In this paper , the authors introduced a new method for enhanced biomethane production and pollution control of swine wastewater using anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR).
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TL;DR: In this article, a two-stage microbial fuel cell-membrane bioreactor integrated system was established to investigate the impact of incorporating process control on petroleum refinery wastewater treatment, and the results showed that chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal exhibits a linear relationship with the MFC voltage output (R2 ǫ = 0.9821).
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TL;DR: In this article , a two-stage dynamic membrane bioreactor (DMBR) system for bio-hydrogen and biomethane production from food waste (FW) in mesophilic condition was examined.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the effect of heavy metals and antibiotics on the proliferation of antibiotic resistance in activated sludge systems and found that the co-occurrence of Ag+ and tetracycline at environmentally relevant concentrations exhibited no distinct inhibition in reactor performances, however, they inhibited respiratory activity by 42%, destroyed the membrane structure by 218%, and increased membrane permeability by 29%.
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TL;DR: In this paper , a two-stage microbial fuel cell-membrane bioreactor integrated system was established to investigate the impact of incorporating process control on petroleum refinery wastewater treatment, and the results showed that chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal exhibits a linear relationship with the MFC voltage output (R2 = 0.9821).
Abstract: Lack of process control between the two stages of a combined microbial fuel cell-membrane bioreactor (MFC-MBR) system limits its application in wastewater treatment due to membrane fouling and high energy consumption. In this study, a two-stage MFC-MBR integrated system was established to investigate the impact of incorporating process control on petroleum refinery wastewater treatment. The results showed that chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal exhibits a linear relationship with the MFC voltage output (R2 = 0.9821); therefore, the MFC was used as a biosensor to control the combined system. The removal efficiencies of COD, ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), and total nitrogen (TN) were 96.3%, 92.4%, and 86.6%, respectively, in the MFC-MBR biosensor, whereas those in the control system were 74.7%, 71.2%, and 64.7% respectively. Furthermore,using the biosensor control system yielded a 50% reduction in the transmembrane pressure (1.01 kPa day-1) and decreased membrane fouling in wastewater treatment. The maximum energy recovery of the biosensor system (0.00258 kWh m-3) was five times higher than that of the control system, as determined by calculating the mass balance of the system. Thus, this study indicates that using the MFC as a biosensor for process control in an MFC-MBR system can improve overall system performance.