Topic
Bioreactor
About: Bioreactor is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 9980 publications have been published within this topic receiving 192690 citations. The topic is also known as: bioreactors.
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TL;DR: In this paper, continuous flow anaerobic fluidized-bed granular activated carbon bioreactors were used to treat 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2-4-DNT), a compound used in primary propellant production.
Abstract: Continuous-flow anaerobic fluidized-bed granular activated carbon bioreactors were used to treat 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), a compound used in primary propellant production. A synthetic wastewater solution containing 2,4-DNT, ethanol, mineral ether, and a carbonate buffer and another solution containing growth nutrients and vitamins were fed to each of the two bioreactors. The influent ethanol concentrations were varied to determine the effect of ethanol concentration on the extent of 2,4-DNT degradation. The anaerobic bioreactors, when operated under methanogenic conditions with a primary substrate, were able to transform the 2.4-DNT into 2-amino-4-nitrotoluene (2-A-4-NT). 4-amino-2-nitrotoluene (4-A-2-NT), 2,4-diaminotoluene (2,4-DAT), and trace amounts of toluene. During stable operation, for the range of non-zero influent ethanol concentrations evaluated in this study, the majority of the products were identified as 2,4-DAT. Batch activated sludge reactors were used to examine the fate of 2,4-DAT under aerobic conditions. 2,4-DAT (16 mg/L) were mineralized within 9 hours, indicating that a two-stage system may be an effective 2,4-DNT treatment strategy.
57 citations
TL;DR: The results showed that the production level of H2 from fermentation in a pH-controlled batch culture was much higher than those from a acidic batch culture for H2 production from xylose, which was nearly 1.2-fold higher than pH-uncontrolled batch cultures.
57 citations
TL;DR: The role of bioreactors in tissue engineering is discussed, the methods of cell stimulation are evaluated, the principles ofBioreactor design are evaluated and the bioreactor in common use today are reviewed.
Abstract: Tissue engineering involves using the principles of biology, chemistry and engineering to design a 'neotissue' that augments a malfunctioning in vivo tissue. The main requirements for functional engineered tissue include reparative cellular components that proliferate on a biocompatible scaffold grown within a bioreactor that provides specific biochemical and physical signals to regulate cell differentiation and tissue assembly. We discuss the role of bioreactors in tissue engineering and evaluate the principles of bioreactor design. We evaluate the methods of cell stimulation and review the bioreactors in common use today.
57 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the DHS bioreactor system is a useful system for cultivating fastidious methane-seep-associated sedimentary microorganisms and anaerobic methanotroph (ANME)-2a, Deep-Sea Archaeal Group, and Marine Benthic Group-D, and Gammaproteobacteria was the dominant bacterial lineage.
Abstract: Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) in marine sediments is an important global methane sink, but the physiological characteristics of AOM-associated microorganisms remain poorly understood. Here we report the cultivation of an AOM microbial community from deep-sea methane-seep sediment using a continuous-flow bioreactor with polyurethane sponges, called the down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) bioreactor. We anaerobically incubated deep-sea methane-seep sediment collected from the Nankai Trough, Japan, for 2,013 days in the bioreactor at 10°C. Following incubation, an active AOM activity was confirmed by a tracer experiment using 13C-labeled methane. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that phylogenetically diverse Archaea and Bacteria grew in the bioreactor. After 2,013 days of incubation, the predominant archaeal components were anaerobic methanotroph (ANME)-2a, Deep-Sea Archaeal Group, and Marine Benthic Group-D, and Gammaproteobacteria was the dominant bacterial lineage. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showed that ANME-1 and -2a, and most ANME-2c cells occurred without close physical interaction with potential bacterial partners. Our data demonstrate that the DHS bioreactor system is a useful system for cultivating fastidious methane-seep-associated sedimentary microorganisms.
57 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a gas-solid bioreactor was used to ensure continuous production and removal of product epoxide from the micro-environment of the biocatalyst, and the amount of propylene oxide produced before cofactor regeneration was between 120-145 μmoles/20 mg cells in about 10 h depending on the microbial strains used.
Abstract: Methanotrophic bacteria have been shown to oxidize gaseous alkenes to the corresponding epoxides utilizing an NADH2-dependent methane monooxygenase. A cell paste of methane-grown methylotrophs was coated on porous glass beads. The production of propylene oxide from propylene was performed in a gas-solid bioreactor to ensure continuous production and removal of product epoxide from the microenvironment of the biocatalyst. The amount of propylene oxide produced before cofactor regeneration was between 120–145 μmoles/20 mg cells in about 10 h depending on the microbial strains used. The conversion rate for propylene was 2.7%. Regeneration of cofactor NADH2 was performed in the bioreactor with the vapor of a cosubstrate, methanol.
57 citations