Topic
Bipolaron
About: Bipolaron is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1335 publications have been published within this topic receiving 29154 citations. The topic is also known as: bipolarons.
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TL;DR: In this article, a theoretical calculation of the optical absorption due to polarons and bipolarons in doped polythiophene is presented, and the results are used to describe the absorption spectra at thermal equilibrium.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the frequency and temperature dependence of electrical conductivity σ(f, T) in lightly doped polypyrrole is investigated, and it is shown that σac changes with √ f 0.7.
Abstract: Frequency (f) and temperature (T) dependence of electrical conductivity σ(f, T) in lightly doped polypyrrole is presented. The behavior of σ(f, T) is different from those of disordered semiconductors and insulating polymers, with considerably strong temperature and frequency dependence of σac.σac changes with ∝f0.7. These results can be described by slightly modified Kivelson's model, that is, the interpolaron hopping process between the polaron and bipolaron states.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the utilization of protonic acids to treat polyethylene glycol-triblock-polypropylene glycol (PP) modified polyethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) doped with tosylate (Tos−) counter-ion (PP-modified PEDOT:Tos) thin films was reported.
Abstract: In this study, we report the utilization of protonic acids to treat polyethylene glycol-triblock-polypropylene glycol (PP) modified polyethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) doped with tosylate (Tos−) counter-ion (PP-modified PEDOT:Tos) thin films. Investigations using absorption, Raman, electron spin resonance and X-ray photoemission spectroscopies indicate that nearly 100% enhanced electrical conductivity and over a 30% improved power factor observed from the PP-modified PEDOT:Tos thin films with protonic acid treatment are attributed to the increased densities of the polaron state and the stabilized densities of the bipolaron state. Further studies by grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering and atomic force microscopy reveal that the crystal structure, amorphous regions, and the size of the exchanging counter ion have great influences on the electrical conductivities, the Seebeck coefficients and the power factors. Our studies provide a facile route to realize highly electrically conductive polymers for the development of effective organic thermoelectric devices.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it was argued that protonation with HCl leads to the formation of both polarons and magnetic bipolarons in polyaniline and polypropylaniline.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the structural factors (polymer matrix stiffening or swelling) are shown to be critical parameters in the long-debated stability of polarons in non-degenerate polyconjugated conducting polymers.
15 citations