Topic
Blackout
About: Blackout is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2088 publications have been published within this topic receiving 30433 citations.
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29 Jul 2008
TL;DR: The empirical study demonstrated that Byzantine fault tolerant monitoring and control can easily sustain the 60 Hz sampling rate needed for supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) operations with sub-millisecond response time under the local-area network environment.
Abstract: The stability of the electric power grid is crucial to every nation's security and well-being. As revealed by a number of large-scale blackout incidents in North America, the data communication infrastructure for power grid is in urgent need of transformation to modern technology. It has been shown by extensive research work that such blackout could have been avoided if there were more prompt information sharing and coordination among the power grid monitoring and control systems. In this paper, we point out the need for Byzantine fault tolerance and investigate the feasibility of applying Byzantine fault tolerance technology to ensure high degree of reliability and security of power grid monitoring and control. Our empirical study demonstrated that Byzantine fault tolerant monitoring and control can easily sustain the 60 Hz sampling rate needed for supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) operations with sub-millisecond response time under the local-area network environment. Byzantine fault tolerant monitoring and control is also feasible under the wide-area network environment for power grid applications that demand sub-second reaction time.
13 citations
08 Jan 2019
TL;DR: This work validates OPA on a detailed 19402 bus network model of the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) interconnection with publicly available data, and examines scalings on a series of WECC interconnection models with increasing detail.
Abstract: The OPA model calculates the long-term risk of cascading blackouts by simulating cascading outages and the slow process of network upgrade in response to blackouts. We validate OPA on a detailed 19402 bus network model of the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) interconnection with publicly available data. To do this, we examine scalings on a series of WECC interconnection models with increasing detail. The most detailed, 19402 bus network has more tree structures at the edges of the main mesh structure, and we extend the OPA model to account for this. The higher-risk cascading outages are the large cascades that extend across interconnections, so validating cascading models on large networks is crucial to understanding how the real grid behaves. Finally, exploring networks with mixed mesh and tree like structure has implications for the risk analysis for both the transmission grid and other network infrastructures. Disciplines Electrical and Computer Engineering | Power and Energy Comments This is a pre-print of the proceeding Carreras, Benjamin A., B. A. C. V. Solutions, José M. Reynolds-Barredo, Ian Dobson, David E. Newman, and A. K. Fairbanks. "Validating the OPA cascading blackout model on a 19402 bus transmission network with both mesh and tree structures." 52nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). 2019. This conference proceeding is available at Iowa State University Digital Repository: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ece_conf/64 preprint; to appear at 52th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, January 2019, Maui, Hawaii. Validating the OPA cascading blackout model on a 19402 bus transmission network with both mesh and tree structures Benjamin A. Carreras BACV Solutions Mohawk Drive Oak Ridge TN USA bacarreras@gmail.com José M. Reynolds-Barredo Departamento de Fı́sica Universidad Carlos III Madrid, Spain jmrb2002@gmail.com Ian Dobson ECpE Department Iowa State University Ames Iowa USA dobson@iastate.edu David E. Newman Physics Department University of Alaska Fairbanks AK USA denewman@alaska.edu
13 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that a well-planned false data injection attack against the synchronization system of a generator is capable of causing tripping subsequently leading to instability and blackout.
Abstract: Synchronization systems play a vital role in the day-to-day operation of power systems and their restoration after cascading failures. Hence, their resilience to cyberattacks is imperative. In this paper, we demonstrate that a well-planned false data injection attack against the synchronization system of a generator is capable of causing tripping subsequently leading to instability and blackout. We present an analytical framework behind the design and implementation of the proposed cyberattack. Moreover, we derive and discuss the conditions for which a cyberattack interfering with a synchronizing signal can be successful. Effective physical mitigation strategies are then proposed to improve the cyber-resilience of synchronization systems. The proposed cyberattack model and mitigation strategies are verified for a microgrid test system using an OPAL-RT real-time simulator.
13 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed the implementation of nature inspired optimization algorithm known as glowworm swarm optimization (GSO) algorithm to minimize load shedding, which is carried out by squaring the difference between the connected and supplied power (active and reactive).
13 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a non-local curing strategy for oscillatory power grid networks based on the global collective redistribution of loads, where critical links are identified and the residual capacities on alternative paths on the remaining network from the original flows are computed.
Abstract: Modern societies crucially depend on the robust supply with electric energy. Blackouts of power grids can thus have far reaching consequences. During a blackout, often the failure of a single infrastructure, such as a critical transmission line, results in several subsequent failures that spread across large parts of the network. Preventing such large-scale outages is thus key for assuring a reliable power supply. Here we present a non-local curing strategy for oscillatory power grid networks based on the global collective redistribution of loads. We first identify critical links and compute residual capacities on alternative paths on the remaining network from the original flows. For each critical link, we upgrade lines that constitute bottlenecks on such paths. We demonstrate the viability of this strategy for random ensembles of network topologies as well as topologies derived from real transmission grids and compare the nonlocal strategy against local back-ups of critical links. These strategies are independent of the detailed grid dynamics and combined may serve as an effective guideline to reduce outages in power grid networks by intentionally strengthen optimally selected links.
13 citations