Topic
Blackout
About: Blackout is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2088 publications have been published within this topic receiving 30433 citations.
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20 Nov 2019-Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology
TL;DR: Great memory impairment was detected in subjects having an earlier age of the first blackout, and the longer the duration after the onset of blackout, the more impaired their attention and executive function skills.
Abstract: Objective Alcohol-induced blackout (blackout) is a typical early symptom of cognitive impairment caused by drinking. However, the first onset age of blackout or the duration after onset of blackout has not been directly compared in previous studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in cognitive function to the first start age of blackouts and their duration. Methods Thirty-one male subjects were included in this study. Their age at the first blackout and the duration after the onset of blackout were investigated. Neuropsychological tests were conducted to determine their attention, memory, and executive function. Subjects were divided into three groups according to their age of the first onset blackout (group O1, 40 years). Subjects were also divided into three groups by duration after the onset of blackout (P1, 30 years). We then examined differences in neurocognitive function among these groups. Results O1 tended to have a lower memory score than O2 (F = 3.28, p = 0.053). Significant differences were observed in attention and executive function between groups P1 and P3 (Digit Span_backward: F = 6.07, p < 0.05; visual span_forward: F = 4.19, p < 0.05; executive intelligence quotient: F = 3.55, p < 0.05). Conclusion Greater memory impairment was detected in subjects having an earlier age of the first blackout. The longer the duration after the onset of blackout, the more impaired their attention and executive function skills.
5 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, an open-source extendable model that is synthetic but nevertheless provides a realistic representation of the actual energy grid, accompanied by cross-domain data sets is presented.
Abstract: Unprecedented winter storms that hit across Texas in February 2021 have caused at least 69 deaths and 4.5 million customer interruptions due to the wide-ranging generation capacity outage and record-breaking electricity demand. While much remains to be investigated on what, how, and why such wide-spread power outages occurred across Texas, it is imperative for the broader macro energy community to develop insights for policy making based on a coherent electric grid model and data set. In this paper, we collaboratively release an open-source extendable model that is synthetic but nevertheless provides a realistic representation of the actual energy grid, accompanied by open-source cross-domain data sets. This simplified synthetic model is calibrated to the best of our knowledge based on published data resources. Building upon this open-source synthetic grid model, researchers could quantitatively assess the impact of various policies on mitigating the impact of such extreme events. As an example, in this paper we critically assess several corrective measures that could have mitigated the blackout under such extreme weather conditions. We uncover the regional disparity of load shedding. The analysis also quantifies the sensitivity of several corrective measures with respect to mitigating the severity of the power outage, as measured in Energy-not-Served (ENS). This approach and methodology are generalizable for other regions experiencing significant energy portfolio transitions.
5 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors considered automatic power supply to loads after a complete blackout of a power system, taking into account characteristics of generators, loads, and initial power sources, a method is proposed of allocating several generators to each load in parallel to the system and supplying power to the load sequentially.
Abstract: Present-day power systems operate with high reliability, and it is rare that a blackout will extend over an entire system swiftly and securely.
This paper considers automatic power supply to loads after a complete blackout of a system. First, taking into account characteristics of generators, loads, and initial power sources, a method is proposed of allocating several generators to each load in parallel to the system and supplying power to the load sequentially. Second, to remove the imbalance between supply and demand of power, a method is proposed of adjusting the amount of supply and generation according to a present imbalance and the sum of past ones. Third, to automatically issue orders for start-up, parallel, follow-up, stand-by, and stoppage of generators, several rules for each power station are set and an expert system is made based on them. Finally, the expert system is applied to a model power system, and it is verified that it can restore loads without any trouble for a complete blackout which occur at any time of a day and in any restoration pattern.
5 citations
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01 Apr 2018TL;DR: This paper validate the use of degree centrality measures based on power traffic to assess the vulnerability of power systems and to predict 70% brownouts and blackouts using Line Graph Based Model (LGBM) which is best to describe the removal of transmission lines as opposed to buses.
Abstract: In this paper we validate the use of degree centrality measures based on power traffic to assess the vulnerability of power systems and to predict 70% brownouts and blackouts using Line Graph Based Model (LGBM) which is best to describe the removal of transmission lines as opposed to buses. Monte-Carlo simulations were employed for IEEE systems test cases. Different events were evaluated, including the removal of randomly selected elements of the network. The AC power flow formulation was employed to calculate the degree centrality measures. The simulations demonstrated the consistency of the degree centrality measures based on the power traffic matrix to indicate the total unsatisfied load ratio resulting from node or link removals. We studied the comparison between bus failure and link failuer. Finally, it was observed that a blackout is ensured if the sum of centrality scores of the nodes or links removed exceeds a threshold.
5 citations
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01 Nov 2019TL;DR: A black start modelling and simulation study is accomplished, using real data from Benghazi North Power Plant, to validate the feasibility of a black start plan in terms of both steady state and transient operating conditions and finds that selection of the optimum size of the black start depends on the capacity of the largest motor during starting.
Abstract: Despite the fact that tremendous efforts have been placed to avoid outages on power system networks, forced outages can occur as a result of catastrophic event, device error, operator fault and cyber threats. These outages, when occur, can lead to partial or complete blackout. The effects of the blackout are national safety, financial losses, system reliability reduction, and threaten personnel. To minimise such impacts of the blackouts, it is essential to utilise the available black-start units to restore power system to normal condition with minimum restoration time. In this paper a black start modelling and simulation study is accomplished, using real data from Benghazi North Power Plant (BNPP), to validate the feasibility of a black start plan in terms of both steady state and transient operating conditions. It is found that selection of the optimum size of the black start depends on the capacity of the largest motor during starting, the capacitive charging reactance of the connected cable or transmission line as well as the size and vector group of the transformers.
5 citations