Topic
Blackout
About: Blackout is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2088 publications have been published within this topic receiving 30433 citations.
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22 Jul 2012TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a methodology to split the power system across the weak areas of the network affected by a large disturbance, which might lead to a total system blackout.
Abstract: This paper proposes a methodology to split the power system across the weak areas of the network affected by a large disturbance, which might lead to a total system blackout. The final splitting strategy is carried out by opening the transmission lines with minimum power exchanged, i.e. by minimising the power exchange between areas. Since one or more of the created islands might reach an unstable operating point, and therefore, cause a power system blackout, the proposed methodology includes at least one blackstart unit within each island and assures sufficient generation capability to match the load consumption within each island. By assuring blackstart availability and sufficient generation capability, parallel power system restoration is planned in case of any eventuality. For validation purposes, the methodology is implemented and tested on the IEEE 9-bus and 118-bus test systems.
37 citations
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10 Jun 2004
TL;DR: The largest blackout in the history of the North American electric power grid occurred on August 14, 2003 and an extensive investigation into what happened (and why) began immediately as mentioned in this paper, including support from the electric utility industry and several federal agencies, e.g. the U.S. Department of Energy.
Abstract: The largest blackout in the history of the North American electric power grid occurred on August 14, 2003. An extensive investigation into what happened (and why) began immediately. The joint U.S.-Canadian task force led the effort, including support from the electric utility industry and several federal agencies, e.g. the U.S. Department of Energy. The North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC) supported the task force, including particularly the electricity working group. The overall blackout investigation team drew expertise from a large number of organizations, assembled into teams to address specific attributes of the blackout. This work describes the data management issues associated with supporting the blackout investigation, beginning with the immediate response in the days and weeks following the blackout, supporting the interim report, to the long-term plans for deriving lessons learned for implementing improvements in the overall process of outage disturbance reporting. The sole focus of This work is the electricity working group activities at NERC; the security and nuclear working groups are outside the scope of this paper.
36 citations
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TL;DR: A widespread blackout that affects 50 million people should never occur with properly designed systems and operating procedures in place as discussed by the authors... Yet local outages are bound to occur, and consumers should consider just how much reliability is enough.
36 citations
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19 Mar 2005TL;DR: In this paper, the authors suggest a network of distributed, autonomous agents to reduce the ill effects of cascading failures in a power system, where the agents improve their decisions by cooperating (sharing goals and exchanging information with their neighbors).
Abstract: A power system can be thought of as a stochastic hybrid system: a finite state machine whose states involve continuous variables with uncertain dynamics. Transitions in this machine correspond to outages of generation and transmission equipment. A cascading failure corresponds to a series of such transitions whose net effect is a blackout. We present evidence that the probability of cascading failures is subject to phase transitions - large and abrupt changes that result from only small changes in system stress. We suggest a network of distributed, autonomous agents to reduce the ill effects of cascading failures. These agents improve their decisions by cooperating (sharing goals and exchanging information with their neighbors). Results from experiments on the IEEE 118 bus test case are included.
36 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that an unexpected, month-long blackout in Tanzania caused a sharp but temporary drop in work hours and earnings for workers in electricity-dependent jobs.
Abstract: Do transitory economic shocks affect neonatal outcomes? I show that an unexpected, month-long blackout in Tanzania caused a sharp but temporary drop in work hours and earnings for workers in electricity-dependent jobs. Using records from a maternity ward, I document a reduction in birth weights for children exposed in utero to the blackout, and an increase in the probability of low birth weight. The reduction is correlated with measures of maternal exposure to the blackout. The blackout also increased fertility for teenage and first time mothers, but selection into pregnancy cannot fully explain the drop in weights.
35 citations