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Blast wave
About: Blast wave is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3834 publications have been published within this topic receiving 66941 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a fluid dynamical treatment of an ultra-relativistic spherical blast wave enclosed by a strong shock is presented, and a simple similarity solution describing the explosion of a fixed amount of energy in a uniform medium is derived, and generalized to include cases in which power is supplied by a central source and the density of the external medium varies with radius.
Abstract: A fluid dynamical treatment of an ultra‐relativistic spherical blast wave enclosed by a strong shock is presented. A simple similarity solution describing the explosion of a fixed amount of energy in a uniform medium is derived, and this is generalized to include cases in which power is supplied by a central source and the density of the external medium varies with radius. Radiative shocks, in which the escaping photons carry away momentum as well as energy, are also discussed. Formulas that interpolate between the non‐ and ultra‐relativistic limits are proposed.
1,164 citations
Book•
01 Jul 1985
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a survey of the properties of air and fire, including the scaling law of explosion overpressures, and the internal and external forces of explosion.
Abstract: 1. Explosions.- 2. Thermodynamics of Explosions.- 3. Characteristics of Air.- 4. The Shock Front.- 5. Reflected Shock.- 6. Blast Waves.- 7. The Scaling Law.- 8. Explosion Overpressures.- 9. Internal Blast.- 10. Dynamic Blast Loads.- 11 Structure Response.- Tutorial Exercises.- Answers to Tutorial Exercises.- Tables.
834 citations
Book•
02 Dec 2012
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a simplified analysis of free-field explosions and their characteristics, including loading from blast waves, thermal radiation effects, and fragmentation and missile effects.
Abstract: Contents: 1. Combustion and Explosion Phenomena. 2. Free-Field Explosions and Their Characteristics. 3. Loading from Blast Waves. 4. Structural Response: Simplified Analysis Techniques. 5. Numerical Methods for Structural Analysis. 6. Fragmentation and Missile Effects. 7. Thermal Radiation Effects. 8. Damage Criteria. 9. Explosion Evaluation Procedures and Design for Blast and Impact Resistance. Appendices.
773 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors give a complete description of all possible spectra under those assumptions, and find that there are five possible regimes, depending on the ordering of the break frequencies.
Abstract: Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) afterglows are well described by synchrotron emission from relativistic blast waves expanding into an external medium. The blast wave is believed to amplify the magnetic field and accelerate the electrons into a power law distribution of energies promptly behind the shock. These electrons then cool both adiabatically and by emitting synchrotron and inverse Compton radiation. The resulting spectra is known to consist several power law segments, which smoothly join at certain break frequencies. Here, we give a complete description of all possible spectra under those assumptions, and find that there are 5 possible regimes, depending on the ordering of the break frequencies. The flux density is calculated by integrating over the contributions from all the shocked region, using the Blandford McKee solution. This allows us to calculate more accurate expressions for the value of these break frequencies, and describe the shape of the spectral breaks around them. This also provides the shape of breaks in the light curves caused by the passage of a break frequency through the observed band. These new, more exact, estimates are different from more simple calculations by up to a factor of about 70, and describe some new regimes which where previously ignored.
599 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors give a complete description of all possible spectra under those assumptions and find that there are five possible regimes, depending on the ordering of the break frequencies, and calculate more accurate expressions for the value of these break frequencies and describe the shape of the spectral breaks around them.
Abstract: Gamma-ray burst afterglows are well described by synchrotron emission from relativistic blast waves expanding into an external medium. The blast wave is believed to amplify the magnetic field and accelerate the electrons into a power-law distribution of energies promptly behind the shock. These electrons then cool both adiabatically and by emitting synchrotron and inverse Compton radiation. The resulting spectra are known to consist of several power-law segments, which smoothly join at certain break frequencies. Here, we give a complete description of all possible spectra under those assumptions and find that there are five possible regimes, depending on the ordering of the break frequencies. The flux density is calculated by integrating over all of the contributions to a given photon arrival time from all of the shocked region using the Blandford & McKee solution. This allows us to calculate more accurate expressions for the value of these break frequencies and describe the shape of the spectral breaks around them. This also provides the shape of breaks in the light curves caused by the passage of a break frequency through the observed band. These new, more exact, estimates are different from more simple calculations by typically a factor of a few, and they describe some new regimes that were previously ignored.
573 citations