Showing papers on "Blisters published in 1973"
TL;DR: In this article, the average size of blisters increases with energy but not with ion dose, and blisters were observed to occur after a critical dose of ∼ 5 × 1017 ions/cm2.
Abstract: Polished molybdenum targets have been bombarded with helium ions of energy from 7 to 80 keV in ultra-high vacuum. During bombardment the release of gas was continuously monitored and after bombardment the targets were examined in a scanning electron microscope. Blister formation was observed to occur after a critical dose of ∼ 5 × 1017 ions/cm2, and the appearance of blisters coincides with gas release from the surface. The average size of the blisters increases with energy but not with ion dose. In addition to room temperature observations, blisters have also been examined following high temperature bombardment of molybdenum, and room temperature bombardments of W, Pt, Ni, Cu and Zr targets.
117 citations
TL;DR: The radiation blistering of polycrystalline niobium surfaces at room temperature has been investigated for different doses of helium ions implanted at 0.5 MeV and for different amounts of initial defect structure in the samples.
Abstract: The radiation blistering of polycrystalline niobium surfaces at room temperature has been investigated for different doses of helium ions implanted at 0.5 MeV and for different amounts of initial defect structure in the samples. The cold‐worked samples show large blisters (up to 500 μm in diameter), many of which are ruptured. In samples annealed before irradiation, the blistering at low doses (0.1 C/cm2) was lower than in the cold‐worked sample, but at a higher dose (1.0 C/cm2) the blistering was even greater. The observation of interconnecting bubbles offers a possible explanation for the formation of such large blisters at low temperatures.
99 citations
TL;DR: These studies are suggestive of local activation of the complement sequence, by both the classical and alternate pathways, in blisters of serologically positive bullous pemphigold patients.
Abstract: Compared with other serum and blister fluid proteins, total hemolytic complement was reduced in the blister fluid of six serologically positive bullous pemphigold patients while four serologically negative cases had blister fluid complement levels closely approaching the serum levels. Except for pemphigus vulgaris blisters. blister fluids from most patients with other bullous diseases and experimentally induced blisters had blister fluid complement levels more closely approaching the serum levels. With the exception of the two terminal components. C8 and C9, individual components of the complement sequence were also reduced in the blister fluids of the six bullous pemphigold patients with circulating basement membrane zone antibodies. On the other hand, transferrin and IgG levels of these same six serologically positive blister fluids closely approached the corresponding serum levels. Conversion of C3 proactivator was also demonstrable in the serologically positive bullous pemphigoid blister fluids, but not in the corresponding sera. Our studies, therefore, are suggestive of local activation of the complement sequence, by both the classical and alternate pathways, in blisters of serologically positive bullous pemphigold patients.
89 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the effect of He+ and D+ ion implantation on Niobium surfaces and found that He+ ion injection produced large blisters, up to 500 μm in diameter, many of which were ruptured; 1.5-MeV He+ implantation produced one big blister covering most of the irradiated area.
Abstract: Radiation blistering of niobium surfaces has been investigated for normally incident He+ and D+ projectiles. For the He+, the bombarding energies were 0.5 and 1.5 MeV, the targets were both monocrystalline and polycrystalline niobium at room temperature and at 900°C, and the total dose was from 0.01 to 1.0 C/cm2. For cold-worked samples at room temperature, 0.5-MeV He+ ions produced large blisters (up to 500 μm in diameter), many of which were ruptured; 1.5-MeV He+ ion implantation produced one big blister covering most of the irradiated area. For the D+ ion implantation, the bombarding energies were 0.250 and 0.5 MeV and the targets were all polycrystalline. Implanting 0.250-MeV D+ ions in annealed polycrystalline Nb at 700°C produced small blisters for doses ranging from 1.6 to 3.0 C/cm2. Preliminary results on the skin thicknesses of ruptured blisters indicate a close relationship between the thickness and both the projected range of the ions and the peak in the defect distributions.
48 citations
Patent•
15 Jan 1973
TL;DR: In this article, a two-member assembly consisting of a semi-rigid centrally foldable member and a sheet of plastic material having a plurality of article receiving blisters formed therein is provided.
Abstract: Blister packaging of small articles without recourse to specialized machinery is provided by a two member assembly consisting of a semi-rigid centrally foldable member and a sheet of plastic material having a plurality of article receiving blisters formed therein. The foldable member is provided with adhesive material to secure the plastic sheet therebetween with the blisters extending through openings in one half of the foldable member. Corresponding openings in the other half of the foldable member are covered by a fluid impervious material.
46 citations
TL;DR: All patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria had an increased amount of protuporphyrin in the plasma, and in some the protoporphyrIn level in the blister fluid was even higher than in the Plasma.
35 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that fatigue rather than wear, heat, enzymes, pressure, stretching, or ischaemia is the chief mechanism in blister formation.
34 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the formation of helium blisters on the surface planes of monocrystalline niobium was investigated for total doses ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 C/cm2 for different target temperatures, angles of incidence of the projectiles, and channeling conditions.
Abstract: The formation of helium blisters on the (111) surface planes of monocrystalline niobium by implantation of 0.5–1.5‐MeV helium ions has been investigated for total doses ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 C/cm2 for different target temperatures, angles of incidence of the projectiles, and channeling conditions. The results indicate that the blister shape is strongly dependent on target temperature. At 900 °C and for channeled projectiles, almost all the blisters have a threefold symmetry resembling a ``crow‐foot'' shape. The alignment of the crow‐foot blisters with respect to each other exhibits an asymmetry in that their prongs are aligned along only one set of 〈112〉 directions of the host niobium lattice such as [121], and [112], and [211] directions and not along the other equivalent set such as the [121], [112], and [211] directions. As the target temperature is lowered, the tendency to form dome‐shaped blisters increases; at room temperature only dome‐shaped blisters form. The average blister size appears to increase with decreasing target temperature, with increasing degree of channeling, and with increasing projectile energy; at room temperature the last of these variables is the one with the most pronounced effect on the size. The blister density is more than two orders of magnitude less for channeled projectiles than for unchanneled ones for irradiation at a target temperature of 900 °C. For the unchanneled projectiles, the angle of incidence of the projectiles does not appear to change the morphology of the blisters significantly.
31 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the shape, size, and orientation of blisters formed on the (111), (110), and (001) surface planes of monocrystalline niobium samples irradiated at 900°C with 0.5MeV channeled 4He+ ions have been studied.
Abstract: The shape, size, and orientation of blisters formed on the (111), (110), and (001) surface planes of monocrystalline niobium samples irradiated at 900°C with 0.5‐MeV channeled 4He+ ions have been studied. The results indicate a strong dependence of (a) the blister shape and (b) the orientation of the blisters with respect to each other on the crystallographic orientation of the target. Both observations can be related to the intersection of certain active slip planes with the surface plane of the monocrystal during blister formation. This interpretation elucidates our recently reported anomaly in the alignment of the blisters on Nb (111) planes.
17 citations
TL;DR: A series of alkyl-α-cyanoacrylates investigated as dressings for friction blisters seemed to be the most effective in regard to relieving pain, preventing infection, and permitting the continuation of work.
Abstract: A series of alkyl-α-cyanoacrylates were investigated as dressings for friction blisters. Of the monomers tested, a viscous isoamyl-α-cyanoacrylate and pentyl cyanoacrylate seemed to be the most effective in regard to relieving pain, preventing infection, and permitting the continuation of work. Applying cyanoacrylate was found more satisfactory than using a mixture of polymyxin B sulfate, neomycin sulfate, and gramicidin (Neosporin Cream) and moleskin treatment.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the shrinkage of osmotically swollen natural and artificial blisters on vermiculite cleavages by exchange saturation with fixing cations such as Cs+, Rb+, NH4+, and K+ was investigated by replica electron microscopy.
Abstract: The shrinkage of osmotically swollen natural and artificial blisters on vermiculite cleavages by exchange saturation with fixing cations such as Cs+, Rb+, NH4+, and K+ was investigated by replica electron microscopy. Incomplete collapse of either the natural or artificially produced blisters occurred with Cs+, Rb+, and NH4+ saturation, while K+ saturation completely collapsed the artificially produced blisters but not the natural blisters. The reason for incomplete collapse with Cs+, Rb+ and NH4+ was the incomplete replacement (trapping in the flakes) of interlayer hydrated cations such as Na+ shown by electron probe microanalysis. Much less trapping occurred with K+ saturation. Na+ entrapment increased with increasing size and decreasing hydration of cations, i.e. Cs+ >Rb+ >NH4+ >K+.