Showing papers on "Blisters published in 1977"
TL;DR: The topical application to human skin of a 1:1 aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide in a well drilled into a plastic block will provoke an infra‐epidermal blister in an average time of about 13 min.
Abstract: The topical application to human skin of a 1:1 aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide in a well drilled into a plastic block will provoke an intra-epidermal blister in an average time of about 13 min. The blister roof can be used for physico-chemical analyses of the horny layer while the base is suitable for studies of wound healing, bacterial infections, etc. The minimal blistering time (MBT) increases directly as the number of cell layers of the stratum corneum and ranges from 3 to 57 min in different regions and persons. The intensity of the dermatitis provoked by a 24 h exposure to sodium lauryl sulphate is strongly correlated with the MBT. The latter is therefore a reliable measure of cutaneous irritability. The blisters are virtually painless. The inflammatory reaction clinically and histologically is slight. Healing is rapid without scarring.
66 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it was demonstrated that covering a tungsten surface with needles reduces the sputtering coefficient by a factor of 3 to 100, and that this surface does not blister under He bombardment to doses of 2.8×1019 He/cm2.
Abstract: It is demonstrated that by covering a tungsten surface with tungsten needles, the sputtering coefficient for He ions is reduced by a factor of 3 to 100. Also, this metal surface does not blister under He bombardment to doses of 2.8×1019 He/cm2, although a similar polished W surface blisters at 1/30 this dose. Sputtering yields have been determined for both monoenergetic and distributed energy He ion beams, and the angular distribution of sputtered ions is reported.
46 citations
TL;DR: Blisters have been observed in the oxide film of aluminum in aqueous chloride solutions as discussed by the authors, and they can be initiated by short duration (⪝ 1 msec), low voltage pulses.
Abstract: Blisters have been observed in the oxide film of aluminum in aqueous chloride solutions. They can be initiated by short duration (⪝ 1 msec), low voltage pulses. Such blisters grow only if the steady‐state potential of the specimen is above the pitting potential. The growth proceeds laterally along the oxide‐metal interface. Upon breaking, as a result of gas pressure from within, pitting corrosion begins. Thus, in this instance, blisters are experimentally demonstrable precursors of pits.
41 citations
TL;DR: The physical forces operative in the fluid migration from the interstitial spaces into the blister cleft have not been directly measured until now as mentioned in this paper, and the colloid osmotic pressure of suction blister fluid averages approximately 7 cm H2O.
Abstract: The physical forces operative in the fluid migration from the interstitial spaces into the blister cleft have not been directly measured until now. The colloid osmotic pressure was determined in suction blister fluid after mild suction blister production by a modified "Dermovac" and in blister fluid of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis, bullous allergic contact dermatitis and pemphrigus vulgaris and in the sera of healthy persons. The colloid osmotic pressure was measured by means of a recently developed osmometer with a semipermeable membrane between two chambers, one of them filled with Ringer solution, the other with the blister fluid sample. The negative pressure in the first chamber was determined. The colloid osmotic pressure of suction blister fluid averages approximately 7 cm H2O, the values reach about 20 cm H2O in bullous diseases and about 38 cm H2O in the normal sera. The blister fluid colloid osmotic pressure has to rise to about 15 cm H2O or more to cause the fluid transport from the interstitial spaces of the surrounding tissue into the blister because of the negative interstitial fluid pressure and the colloid osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid. Otherwise the blister fluid is reabsorbed back into the interstitial spaces.
12 citations
Patent•
27 Dec 1977
TL;DR: In this paper, a method of treating asphaltic membrane covered roofs for inhibiting the formation of blisters therein and reducing blisters that have formed therein comprises applying to the blistered portions and surrounding areas of the membrane a quantity of selected liquid hydrocarbon.
Abstract: A method of treating asphaltic membrane covered roofs for inhibiting the formation of blisters therein and reducing blisters that have formed therein comprises applying to the blistered portions and surrounding areas of the membrane a quantity of selected liquid hydrocarbon. The selected hydrocarbon is miscible with the asphalt of the membrane to instill self-healing qualities therein.
11 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The PG-like activity of experimental suction blisters was found to be significantly higher in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis than in control and psoriasis patients and the appearance of PGs in blister fluid is compatible with a role as chemical mediator involved in blister formation.
Abstract: Prostaglandin(PG)-like activity in the fluid of spontaneous and suction blisters was measured by bioassay on isolated guinea-pig colon after acidic lipid extraction. The fluid from spontaneous blisters in 15 patients with various bullous dermatoses, such as pemphigoid, porphyria cutanea tarda, erythema multiforme, contact dermatitis, X-ray dermatitis, all contained measurable amounts of activity, varying from 0.4 to 54 ng/ml, expressed as PGE2-activity. From 4 patients with pemphigoid, samples of fluid were collected, adequate to permit of analysis regarding the identity of the spasmogenic material. In silicic acid column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and in reversed phase partition chromatography, the major part of the biological activity co-chromatographed with 3H-PGE2. In one patient part of the activity coincided with PGF2alpha. The PG-like activity of experimental suction blisters was found to be significantly higher in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis than in control and psoriasis patients. The appearance of PGs in blister fluid is compatible with a role as chemical mediator involved in blister formation.
9 citations
Patent•
15 Dec 1977
TL;DR: In this article, the fibrillated surface layer of an unsintered extruded mass of polytetrafluoroethylene is broken by mechanical or electrical force to facilitate evaporation of the lubricant whereby a molded article which is free from defects such as cracks and blisters is obtained upon sintering.
Abstract: The fibrillated surface layer of an unsintered extruded mass of a polytetrafluoroethylene is broken by mechanical or electrical force to facilitate evaporation of the lubricant whereby a molded article which is free from defects such as cracks and blisters is obtained upon sintering.
7 citations
Patent•
14 Apr 1977
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a method to prepare polymer beads with improved transparency and physical strength, without blisters, by making monomer dropltes after the suspension polymerization method, and adding an electrolyte to the system.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To prepare polymer beads with improved transparency and physical strength, without blisters, by making monomer dropltes after the suspension polymerization method, and by adding an electrolyte to the system.
4 citations
TL;DR: Preliminary work indicated the presence of arylsulphatases A and B in epidermis, and the same assay procedure with 4-methylumbelliferyl sulphate as substrate was used, and there appeared to be no enzymatic activity in blister fluid, interstitial fluid and serum.
Abstract: Suction blisters were raised on human skin. The blister fluid was collected for enzymic assay and the epidermis over the bullae was removed before further suction of interstitial fluid. Preliminary work indicated the presence of arylsulphatases A and B in epidermis, and the same assay procedure with 4-methylumbelliferyl sulphate as substrate was used. There appeared to be no enzymatic activity in blister fluid, interstitial fluid and serum.
01 Jan 1977
TL;DR: During the accumulation of large integral doses by 10 keV He+ ions bombardment of vanadium blistering, it has been found that blister-covered area increases with the dose, and following implantation of He+ ion does not change the surface condition.
Abstract: The dependence of the blistering of monocrystalline vanadium irradiated with 10 keV He+ ions on the dosage has been investigated
Monocrystalline vanadium targets cut off on parallel (100) surface were ground mechanically and polished electrolytically Irradiation of the targets was performed with ILU-accelerator by scanning in horizontal direction ions beam at normal incidence Irradiation doses were varied from 0,1 to 3 C/cm2 The target surface was studied with scanning electron microscope “Stereoscan” having resolution of 150 A
It has been found that blister-covered area increases with the dose from 0,1 to 0,5 C/cm2 The maximum blister density of 25 × 108 cm−2 corresponds to a dose of 0,25 C/cm2 An increase of the dose to 2 C/cm2 results in disappearance of the blisters on the vanadium surface Following implantation of He+ ions does not change the surface condition The blister suppression is caused by sputtering of blister skin with helium ions
Thus, during the accumulation of large integral doses by 10 keV He+ ions bombardment of vanadium blistering is a transient phenomenon