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Showing papers on "Blisters published in 1996"


Patent
13 Mar 1996
TL;DR: A powder storage and delivery system for a drug powder inhaler (20) has a carrier disk (46) with a blister shell (54) sealed by a shear layer (56).
Abstract: A powder storage and delivery system for a drug powder inhaler (20) has a carrier disk (46) with a blister shell (54) sealed by a shear layer (56). A tab (48) is adhered to the shear layer (56), underneath the blister shell (54). The carrier disk (46) is placed into a dry powder inhaler (20). An actuator (80) pushes against the tab (48), causing the shear layer (56) to tear away, releasing the powder drug contents (62) from the blister into the dry powder inhaler (20). A disk carrier (130) has bursting blisters (132) with a brittle blister shell (132) sealed with a foil lid (150), and covered by a plate (136). An actuator (160) moves against the plate (136), causing the plate (136) to buckle and the blister shell (132) to burst open, releasing powdered drug (62) into the dry powder inhaler (20).

145 citations


Patent
10 Sep 1996
TL;DR: In this article, a package (10) has blisters (11) each having an embossed hollow (12) with an open end, for containing a tablet (15), and a flange (13) extending around the open end of the Embossed Holes (12).
Abstract: A package (10) has blisters (11) each having an embossed hollow (12) with an open end, for containing a tablet (15), and a flange (13) extending around the open end of the embossed hollow (12). The flanges (13) of the blisters (11) are bonded to a covering sheet 20. The blisters (11) are formed separately, and the flange (13) of each blister (11) has a circular shape.

50 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of microstructure and inclusion on the susceptibility to stress oriented hydrogen induced cracking, SOHIC, or type I sulfide stress cracking was investigated for two kinds of line pipe steels.
Abstract: The influence of microstructure and inclusion on the susceptibility to stress oriented hydrogen induced cracking, SOHIC, or type I sulfide stress cracking, SSC, was investigated for two kinds of line pipe steels which have the different susceptibility to SOHIC. The steel plates, produced by accelerated cooling after controlled rolling, were heated to three temperatures of 1100, 900 and 750°C to vary their microstructures. For the four microstructures including the as cooled one, the susceptibility to SOHIC was evaluated by the SSC test specified in NACE TM0177-90 method A in addition to an SSC test using a large scale plate. The cracking susceptibility depends on the minimum microhardness rather than maximum hardness in the specimens with yield strength of API X65 or less. The local region with minimum microhardness, having lower yield strength, is deduced to become a preferential site for the hydrogen induced blister cracking, HIBC, and also to provide plastic zones through which the existing blisters are prone to link to each other, leading to the cracking through thickness. As a consequence, the decrease in the local hardness is concluded to enhance cracking susceptibility. Non-metallic inclusions were identified as the crack initiation site. The critical dispersion distance of inclusions, within which a second blister can be induced in the plastic zone formed around the first blister, is estimated based upon calculation of the stress around the blister. The observed results of crack propagation and arrest were both well interpreted in terms of the estimated critical distance.

37 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the impedance measurements on these artificial blisters led to an extension of the mechanistic model for cathodic delamination and the conclusion can be drawn that characterisation of the anodic and cathodic regions in blisters is not possible with EIS, however, the impedance characteristics of the corrosion product in the defect can be investigated.

35 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The notion that cell-mediated immune mechanisms may contribute to blister formation in Bullous pemphigoid disease is supported and the release of IL-1β,IL-1 receptor antagonist, and to a lesser extent, of IL,1α are indicated at the site of blister formation.

34 citations


Patent
06 Dec 1996
TL;DR: In this paper, the material between the blisters (2) is reinforced (8, 12B) to confer rigidity relative to flexing deformation of the blister pack, which facilitates handling by users with weak or deformed hands.
Abstract: A blister pack wherein the material between the blisters (2) is reinforced (8, 12B) to confer rigidity relative to flexing deformation of the blister pack. The reinforcement (8, 12B) may take the form of a reinforcing slab or sheet (8), or ribs (12B) in the blister pack material. The invention facilitates handling by users with weak or deformed hands.

32 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported spontaneous delamination of thin stainless steel films on Si{100} wafers using an ion beam technique and were 0.5 μm thick with a residual compressive stress of 2.2 GPa.
Abstract: Spontaneous delamination of thin stainless steel films on Si{100} wafers is reported. The films were deposited using an ion beam technique and were 0.5 μm thick with a residual compressive stress of 2.2 GPa. Analysis of blisters in spontaneously delaminated films using simple models gives a satisfactory estimate of the residual stress. The possibility of utilizing the buckling patterns to determine the residual stress state in stainless steel films on Si substrates is then evaluated.

11 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of the inner porous refractories-molten steel reaction on the incidence of blisters and the mechanism whereby blisters can be prevented by using an immersion nozzle with a silicaless inner porous resorcer that does not react with the molten steel were studied.
Abstract: The effect of the inner porous refractories-molten steel reaction on the incidence of blisters and the mechanism whereby the incidence of blisters is prevented by using an immersion nozzle with a silicaless inner porous refractories that does not react with the molten steel were studied. The following results were obtained:(1) Blisters are caused by 0.5 mm and larger argon gas bubbles, and particularly 1.0 mm and larger argon gas bubbles have a strong bearing on the incidence of blisters in the sheet product.(2) The mechanism whereby the incidence of blisters depends on the number of sequence cast heats can be explained by the increase in argon gas bubble diameter caused by the inner porous refractories-molten steel reaction in the later heats in the sequence cast.(3) Fine argon gas bubbles can be stably introduced into the molten steel by using an immersion nozzle with a silicaless inner porous refractories that does not react with the molten steel. This stable injection of fine argon gas bubbles helps prevent the occurrence of blisters in the sheet product.

1 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a comparative study of morfology change of different kinds of beryllium after being subjected to the periphery plasma (nc ≤ 1013 cm−3, Te. ≃ 15 eV) of a pulse reflex discharge is carried out.
Abstract: The comparative study of morfology change of different kinds of beryllium after being subjected to the periphery plasma (nc ≤ 1013 cm−3, Te. ≃ 15 eV) of a pulse reflex discharge is carried out. It was shown that the probability of arcing is much lower for samples made of ingot as compared to samples made of the hot pressed beryllium. The latter samples differ also by high number of blisters that can be divided in two groups: every large blister with a doubled boundary (the mean diameter size is D = 0.8 μm) has a pore, and small blisters (D -0.3 μm) have no pores at all.

1 citations


Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of space factors such as proton and electron radiation (E=160 keV), extra-atmospheric solar (and VUV) radiation at λ = 5 − 2500 nm upon the reflectivity of mirrors in scale model IR instruments are investigated experimentally.
Abstract: Effects of space factors such as proton and electron radiation (E=160 keV), extra-atmospheric solar (and VUV) radiation at λ = 5 – 2500 nm upon the reflectivity of mirrors in scale model IR instruments are investigated experimentally. The phenomena of blistering and flaking — complex defective structures on the mirror surface after exposure to protons (E=160keV) are described. These are either round craters of 2 – 5 μm in diameter (flaking) or blisters (detachment of the AI and Ag films from the mirror surface) of 10 – 50 μm in size (blistering). Blistering and flaking develop in a jump — like way during short times (δτ=1–2 sec) when the radiation dose becomes critical, Dcr≈6·1015 particles/cm2 at T=340K. The defect density is much dependent on the radiation dose and the temperature of the mirrors. The phenomena are related to the formation of hydrogen in the process of proton-electron recombination (p++e− → H) in the material. Hydrogen accumulates in blisters in a thin surface layer of glass, its thickness being equal to the proton mean free path ep+=2μm. When the hydrogen pressure in the blisters exceeds the ultimate strength aF of the space optics material, brittle failure occurs in the glass covered with mirror and protective coatings (flaking) and the plastic films (AI or Ag) peel off the mirror surface (blistering). This specific “space erosion” of the mirror surface appreciably impairs the reflectivity of mirrors in a wide spectral range. The experimental findings are interpreted within current models of blistering in metallic materials of nuclear reactors due to He+ and D+ ions and are in qualitative agreement with the theory of blistering developed by Yu.V.Martynenko [1,2].