Showing papers on "Blisters published in 1998"

The formation of indicia in the base of a blister pack for transference to a body cast therein

Abstract: A laminated film (2) in which a metal foil is sandwiched between two polymeric films is cold formed to define one or more blisters (8), and the base of the blister (8) stamped with indicia (12), in two discrete stages. The blister (8) is formed in the first stage using a standard technique of advancing a pin (6) in a direction transverse relative to the plane of the film (2). According to the invention, once the blister (8) forming stage is completed, indicia (12) are stamped into the base of the blister (8) in the second stage by advancing a die (10, 14) from one side thereof to clamp the blister (8) base against a mould held against the other side. The direction of the die (10) and disposition of the die (10) and mould may be selected such that the indicia (12) project inwardly or outwardly from the blister (8) base.

Relationship between theoretical molecular weight and blister fluid/serum ratio of cytokines and five other molecules evaluated in patients with bullous pemphigoid.

Abstract: Bullous pemphigoid (BP) blisters contain several molecules, some of which spread into the blisters from the interstitial fluid, while others are produced locally and migrate into the circulation. The calculation of the ratios between blister/serum concentrations may help to distinguish between these two types of molecules. The rules regulating the diffusion of the molecules have been described only in suction blisters, where the theoretical molecular weight (MW) represents one of the principal influencing factors. The aim of the present study was to analyse the relationship between theoretical MWs and the ratios of concentrations of several molecules evaluated both in sera and in blister fluids. Eight cytokines (interleukin-2, interleukin-3, interleukin-4, interleukin-5, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, oncostatin-M and vascular endothelial growth factor), two acute phase reactants (alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, haptoglobin), albumin, one soluble membrane molecule with adhesion functions (sICAM-1) and the eosinophil cathionic protein (ECP) were measured in samples from 15 patients affected with BP by means of commercially available tests. The data suggest that the MW may influence the rate of diffusion throughout the blister, both in input and output directions, despite the discontinuity observed at the basement membrane level on the BP blister floor.

Method for removing pharmaceutical and other products form child-proof or humidity-resistant non-squeezable blisterpackages, and device for emptying blisters

Abstract: A method of stripping blister packs involves feeding the packs with the blisters upwards between a powered cutting roller and a counter roller. The drive for the cutting roller is controlled according to the monitored feed position of the blister pack, so that the cutting edges on the roller come against the covering foil against the blisters and cut inwards against the counter roller. At the next station, the pack is rolled to eject the contents, and the extracted contents and the empty packs are taken off separately. Also claimed is an assembly with a pair of rollers (10,11) to press out the contents of the cut blister packs (1) as they move through between them. The cutting roller (6), in front of the roller pair, has cutting edges at its mantle surface, positioned round the roller to match the layout of the blisters. A counter roller (7), with an axis parallel to the cutting roller, has ring grooves matching the positions of the blisters, and with a width and depth matching the blister dimensions. A sensor, linked to the cutting roller drive, registers the feed position of a blister pack to be stripped by the cutting and counter rollers.

Non-osmotically-induced blistering phenomena on metal

Abstract: This articles discusses non-osmotic forms of blistering of paint films on metal, including electroendosmosis, cathodic blistering, cathodic disbondment, and compressive stress-related blistering. During electroendosmosis, or electro-osmosis, water is forced through the paint film by an electrical potential gradient. Most films acquire a negative charge in water, and the metal substrate around the corroding area is cathodic and therefore rich in electrons. Thus, the water is naturally drawn through the film, so that blisters will occur around the corroding site. Cathodic blistering is caused by the electrochemical reduction of oxygen beneath intact (and sometimes defective) coatings, creating an increasingly alkaline condition. Alkali attacks metal oxide and paint film as well as any conversion coating, producing delamination and expansion of the blister. Cathodic delamination in underwater systems that employ sacrificial zinc or aluminum anodes with fixed potential differences with respect to the steel are not as liable to produce the same degree of overvoltage potential as are impressed current systems. However, cathodic disbondment is not an unusual coating failure under these conditions. Blisters can result from water condensation produced by thermal gradients across coatings. This effect is often seen on the coated interior surfaces of cold tanks containing warm water. Blistering can also result from the paint film's response to compressive stress in the absence of osmosis or any other driving force. This type of failure looks different than other forms of blistering. Often in thermosetting systems such as epoxies, urethanes, polyesters, and older alkyds, de-adhesion generally occurs in large, irregular flakes and sheets rather than as discrete hemispherical blisters. Other blistering phenomena on steel are not as conveniently classified, though one or more of the above mentioned mechanisms, including osmosis, may be involved.

Method of concrete-structure surface-treatment construction

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent the occurrence of a steam phenomenon by filling air inclusions completely because blisters are generated in a coating film, a waterproof film and a corrosion-resistant lining film and cracklings are further generated SOLUTION: A resin for a binder is mixed with spherical fine particles in an extent that the surfaces of the fine particles are wetted for completely filling air inclusion Accordingly, since spherical hexagonal structure is formed and air-permeable resin putty is formed, no water pool 1 is formed in the varicelliform traces of a concrete surface by filling the whole air inclusions, no steam phenomenon is caused, and the generation of film blisters can be prevented completely